Izinyoni Zomdumo Ziyahamba! I-International Rescue (i-IMF) ihlonyelwe futhi ilungele ukwethulwa
Kuyaduduza kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi 'umbolekisi wendlela yokugcina' uhlala ebeka izinto zakhe kuqala endaweni efanele. NgoSepthemba 22, phakathi kokukhishwa kwabezindaba okwakukhishwe endlunkulu eWashington, i-IMF ekugcineni yakhipha izindaba zokuthi izimakethe, amabhange amakhulu, ohulumeni kanye nokuqoqwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba, abatshalizimali, abahlaziyi kanye nezintatheli bebelinde umoya izinyanga. Ngokwemvelo ukumelana nesimo esibi kakhulu, esinamandla amakhulu nezomnotho, esishaya ngokujule kakhulu emnyangweni wezomnotho womhlaba wonke kuthatha izinyanga ukusiqinisa, kepha ekugcineni sesifikile, manene nama-gents esisindisiwe, uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-IMF iPad lukhona nathi …
Ngenkathi i-IMF ihlangana ngesonto eledlule eWashington ukukhipha i-'trash out 'yakamuva kube khona ukushelela okubambe abahlaziyi bezindaba abaningi nabahlaziyi bezimakethe bengazi. I-IMF empeleni inemali engakanani? Uyazi njengemali yangempela, hhayi i-fractional reserve fiat 'eyenza njengoba uhamba' nemali kunoma yiliphi ihlelo ongalicabanga, kepha izinqolobane zangempela ezinikezwa izizwe 'ezingamalungu'? Kuvela ukuthi i-IMF ine- $ 400billion kuphela .. (empeleni ine- $ 600billion kodwa ngaphansi kwemibhalo yayo ingaboleka u- $ 400billion kuphela).
Lapho kumenyezelwa ungamcabanga uNks uLagarde esho ngokukhwehlela okungatheni futhi eyisola kumaGitan, "er .. $ 400 bl..khwehlela..munye umbuzo ngicela". Ngakho-ke umsindisi wabaphathi bendawo yonke, i-Grand Inquisitor yezimakethe, i-Lord Voldemort yabathakathi bezezimali inokwanele ukuhlenga iphutha laseGrisi, ngakho-ke konke kuphume kushintsho olungelutho ..?
Ngakho-ke i-IMF yenzani empeleni? Nakhu ukuqala kabusha okusheshayo ..
ISikhwama Sezimali Samazwe Ngamazwe sakhulelwa ngoJulayi 1944 ngesikhathi seNgqungquthela Yezimali Yezimali kanye Nezezimali Yezizwe Ezihlangene. Abamele ohulumeni abangama-45 bahlangane eMount Washington Hotel endaweni yaseBretton Woods, eNew Hampshire, e-United States, nezithunywa ebezihambele ingqungquthela bevumelana ngohlaka lokusebenzisana kwezomnotho emhlabeni jikelele. I-IMF yahlelwa ngokusemthethweni ngoDisemba 27, 1945, ngenkathi amazwe okuqala angama-29 esayina Imibhalo Yayo Yesivumelwano. Izinhloso ezisemthethweni ze-IMF namuhla ziyefana nalapho zakhiwa ngo-1943.
Inhloso yayo eshiwo ukusimamisa amazinga okushintshana nokusiza ekwakheni kabusha uhlelo lokukhokha lomhlaba wonke. Amazwe afaka isandla echibini elingaboleka, ngokwesikhashana, emazweni anokungalingani kokukhokha. I-IMF ibibalulekile ngenkathi iqala ukwakhiwa ngoba isize umhlaba ukuthi uzinze uhlelo lwezomnotho. I-IMF isebenza ukuthuthukisa umnotho wamazwe angamalungu ayo. I-IMF izichaza ngokuthi “iyinhlangano yamazwe ayi-187 (kusukela ngoJulayi 2010), esebenza ukuthuthukisa ukubambisana kwezimali emhlabeni wonke, ukuvikela uzinzo kwezezimali, ukwenza lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba, ukukhuthaza ukuqashwa okuphezulu nokukhula komnotho okusimeme, nokunciphisa ubuphofu.”
Ithonya le-IMF emnothweni wezwe landa ngokuya landa njengoba laqoqa amalungu amaningi. Inani lamazwe angamalungu e-IMF seliphindeke ngaphezu kokuphindwe kane emazweni angu-44 abambe iqhaza ekusungulweni kwawo, okukhombisa ikakhulukazi ukutholakala kwenkululeko yezepolitiki emazweni amaningi asathuthuka futhi muva nje ngokuhlakazwa kweSoviet Union. Ukunwetshwa kobulungu be-IMF, kanye nezinguquko emnothweni womhlaba, kudinge ukuthi i-IMF iguqule ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuze iqhubeke nokufeza izinhloso zayo ngempumelelo.
Ngo-2008, ngesikhathi kubhekene nokushoda kwemali engenayo, isigungu esiphezulu se-International Monetary Fund savuma ukuthengisa ingxenye ethile yezimali zegolide ze-IMF. Ngo-Ephreli 27, 2008, owayenguMqondisi Ophethe we-IMF, u-Dominique Strauss-Kahn wasamukela isinqumo sebhodi sango-Ephreli 7, 2008, sokuphakamisa uhlaka olusha lwalesi sikhwama, olwenzelwe ukuvala isamba semali esibalelwa ezigidini ezingama- $ 400 eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Isiphakamiso sesabelomali sifaka phakathi ukuncishiswa kwemali esetshenzisiwe okungamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-100 kuze kube unyaka we-2011 okubandakanya ukufakwa kwabasebenzi kuze kufike ku-380.
Engqungqutheleni ka-G-2009 yaseLondon yango-20, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi i-IMF izodinga ezinye izinsizakusebenza zezezimali ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhona zamazwe angamalungu ayo phakathi nenkinga eqhubekayo yezimali emhlabeni jikelele. Njengengxenye yalesi sinqumo, abaholi be-G-20 bathembise ukukhuphula imali eyengeziwe ye-IMF ephindwe kayishumi ibe ngama- $ 500 billion, futhi babele amazwe angamalungu amanye ama- $ 250 billion ngokusebenzisa ama- Special Drawing Rights.
Ngo-Okthoba 23, 2010, ongqongqoshe bezezimali be-G-20, ababusa iningi lama-quotas angamalungu e-IMF, bavuma ukuguqula i-IMF futhi badlulisele cishe amaphesenti ayisithupha amasheya okuvota emazweni amakhulu asathuthuka nasemazweni anezimakethe ezisafufusa. Kusukela ngo-Agasti 6 iRomania ($ 2010 billion), i-Ukraine ($ 13.9 billion), iHungary ($ 12.66 billion), neGrisi ($ 11.7 billion) yibo ababoleka kakhulu kulesi sikhwama.
Ngakho-ke manje isifundo somlando sesiphelile yisikhathi sokugxilisa izingqondo zethu ebhizinisini elibucayi futhi lokhu kubi kakhulu. Uhlobo olubucayi olungasho lutho kuJo noma kuJoe 'Six Pack' (lokho kungukuqina kwami ekunembeni kwezepolitiki, sonke sihlangane nabesifazane abangaphuza kanye nama-blokes) kepha ukubaluleka namandla adonsela phansi, uma kunikezwe empeleni kungahle kuqhume imiyalo ethile eqinile i-IMF okufanele iyilandele, iyamangalisa.
Ngokusho kwe-newswire ye-Dow Jones;
Isikhwama Semali Samazwe Ngamazwe, sifuna ukuqinisekisa izimakethe ukuthi sinamandla okubhekana nezinkinga ezijula eYurophu nasezinkingeni kwenye indawo, sibheka ukuthi singaba kanjani okungenani ne- $ 1.3 trillion emandleni okubolekisa, ngokusho kwezikhulu ezithintekayo ezingxoxweni. I-IMF njengamanje inezinsizakusebenza ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama- $ 630; cishe okubili kokuthathu kwalokho kungabolekiswa ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-IMF. Ngaphansi kohlelo olubhekwayo, isikhwama sizodinga ukwenza unomphela isikhungo sokubolekisa okwesikhashana esingu- $ 590 billion esabekwa ukubhekana nenkinga yezimali yango-2008. I-IMF ibuye ithembele emazweni angamalungu ukuthi ekugcineni agunyaze ukuphindeka kabili kwezimali zamazwe angamalungu e-IMF, ezifinyelela ezigidigidini ezingama-750 zamadola, esezamukelwe ngokomthetho. Ukuvunyelwa ngamaphalamende kazwelonke kulindeleke ekuqaleni kuka-2012. I-IMF ibuye icubungule ukuthi iwathengise yini ama-bond ezimakethe ezizimele ngesaziso esifushane, okuyisinyathelo esingaqinisa inetha lezokuphepha laso sidlule ku- $ 1.3 trillion. I-IMF ayikaze ithengise ama-bond alolu hlobo, kanti i-US ne-Germany phakathi kwabanye baye bamelana nalezi zinyathelo ngenxa yokukhathazeka ukuthi i-IMF izoba nenkululeko enkulu kakhulu kubaninimasheya bayo abakhulu. Akucaci noma ngabe lokho kuphikisa kunciphile yini ngezinxushunxushu eziqhubekayo zomhlaba jikelele zezimali.
Kunokuthintana okuphathelene nalesi simemezelo, ukuthi i-IMF 'ithumele ucingo' inkinga yezikweletu emhlabeni wonke isizoba yimbi kakhulu, ngokuncisha uDow Jones futhi ibika ngokufanele ukuthi "icwaninga" izindlela zokuphinda kabili amandla ayo okubolekisa abe ngu- $ 1.3 trillion, akuyona into engavamile. Ukopha kancane ekuboneni kwabahlaziyi kuyindlela enyathelwe kahle yokuvikela ukwethuka.
Kodwa-ke, kuyilapho ngokwako kungeyona 'into embi' engeza le $ 1.3 trillion ekukhulisweni kwe-EFSF okuhlongozwayo okungama- $ 3 trillion, kusho ukuthi amandla okutakula umhlaba wonke azoshaya ama- $ 5 trillion maduzane. Kungani, kungani futhi ubani okhokha inzalo kuleso samba esikhulu okuyiyona mpikiswano yangempela, impela i-IMF ayicabangi ukukhipha amabhondi ayo okukhokhela lesi sikhungo esikhulu sokutakula, ngabe uhlelo selufinyelele ngempela kule nadir entsha? Isinyathelo esinjalo besizothatha i-SDR (amalungelo akhethekile okudweba) igxathu elilodwa ukuba ibe enye imali ebekelwe ukugcinwa kwegolide, futhi ngokushaywa ihlanza ubukhulu be-eksisi yaseNtshonalanga kujabulise kakhulu iRussia neChina. Ngempela siphila ezikhathini ezithokozisayo.
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