UJan 9 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-10960 • 10 Amazwana KumaFulentshi Ayonga Ngama-Euro, Ngenkathi AmaBrithani Esakholelwa Kuhlelo Lwawo Lwempesheni, Zombili Izinkolelo Azilungile.
Naphezu kwenkulumo-mpikiswano ye-Eurozone amaFulentshi akhombisa ukwethemba okumangalisayo ohlelweni, amabhange abo kanye nemali yethu eyodwa ehlukumezekile, eshayiwe futhi elimele. Ngesinye sezilinganiso eziphansi kakhulu zezikweletu zomuntu siqu ku-Eurozone, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi amaFulentshi awazange azitike ngokweqile esikweletini semali ebolekiwe uBrits ayesisebenzisa kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, amaFulentshi anelisekile ngokugwema omatilasi njengendawo yokukhosela futhi. bheka amabhange abo njengezindawo eziphephile. Ukuhlangana phakathi kwamaFulentshi nozakwabo base-UK angeke kubonakale kugqama. Esilinganisweni sokugcina abonga base-UK babeke eceleni kuphela u-5.4% wemali engenayo etholakalayo ukuze balondoloze noma babuyisele imali ebolekiwe, u-17% ulingana nesiFulentshi.
Abalondolozi baseFrance baqoqa imali yabo eyisipele ngenani elisheshayo cishe eminyakeni engama-30. I-France iphakathi kwamazwe acebile kakhulu emazweni athuthukile futhi usongo lwenkinga yezikweletu zase-Europe esabalele e-France iye yaba nabalondolozi abagijimayo ngenxa yokuphepha okucatshangwayo kwama-akhawunti asebhange. Umnotho waseFrance uncike kakhulu esidingweni sabathengi ukuze uqinise ukukhula kwawo kuneJalimane ethembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe ukuze ikhule. Njengoba izimangalo zokuntuleka kwemisebenzi zikhuphuka ngeminyaka eyi-12, imindeni yaseFrance ilungiselela okubi kakhulu. Izinga lokonga lasekhaya lenyuka ngesikhathi senhlekelele yezimali ka-2008-09 futhi njengamanje lisebenza cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-17, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1983, ngokusho kwe-Thomson Reuters Datastream.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwabathengi kwehle ngoNovemba ngenani elishesha kakhulu lezinyanga eziyi-12 kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2009, okuphawule inkinga yezimali ka-2008-2009. Njengoba izikweletu zasendlini ziphakathi kwabaphansi kakhulu e-Europe kukhona ithuba lokuthi abongi baseFrance banciphise ukonga kwabo kusukela ekuphakameni kwamanje. Izinga eliphezulu lokonga libonakala liyinzuzo emabhange aseFrance njengoba ukukhuphuka kwediphozithi kusiza ekudambiseni ingcindezi yokuzixhasa ngezimali ezimakethe ezisebenzisana namabhange ngenkathi kusiza ukuhlangabezana nezilinganiso ezibuyekeziwe nezizayo ze-Basel III zokwanela kwezimali.
Ngokungena kwamadiphozithi kusiza ekwehliseni ukuthembela kwamabhange aseFrance ezimakethe kanye ne-ECB, akhangisa ama-akhawunti okonga angakhokhi intela nakhokhiswa intela, Izinga lokukhula kwamadiphozithi kuma-akhawunti okonga e-Livret A, angenayo intela futhi anombuso- izinga lenzalo elilawulwayo elingamaphesenti angu-2.25, likhuphuke ngoSepthemba laya kumaphesenti angu-11 ezinyangeni ezingu-12, ngokusho kwedatha yeBhange LaseFrance. Yize lokho kucishe kuphindwe kabili isilinganiso sesilinganiso esingamaphesenti ayisi-6 seminyaka eyi-10 edlule, kukude kakhulu kumaphesenti angama-30 abonwa ngoMashi 2009, ngezinsuku ezimnyama kakhulu zenhlekelele yezimali ka-2008-09.
AmaNgisi
Isimo esibucayi sabalondolozi base-UK sehluke kakhulu, kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kowezi-2008 inani elilondolozwe yi-UK liye lehla kakhulu. Ifinyelele eqophelweni eliphansi kakhulu ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2008, lapho ngokokuqala ngqa kusukela ngo-1955 iHhovisi Likazwelonke Lezibalo (i-ONS) labika isilinganiso esingesihle sokonga; njengesizwe i-UK yachitha imali engaphezu kwemali engenayo etholakalayo kuleyo kota. Kodwa-ke, uma iminikelo yempesheni yomqashi ingafakwa i-UK ibe nenani elibi lokonga kusukela ngo-2003.
Isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokulondoloza iminyaka engu-30 ngaphambi kwalokhu sasicishe sibe u-9%. NgokweBhange Lomhlaba i-UK inezinga lesihlanu eliphansi kakhulu lokonga isamba njengephesenti Lomkhiqizo Wasekhaya Osewonke (GDP) eYurophu. Ngokulondolozwa kwesamba esingu-12% se-GDP i-UK ingaphambi kwe-Iceland ngo-11% kuphela, iPortugal ngo-10%, i-Ireland ngo-9% kanye neGreece ngo-3%. Ngisho neSpain ngama-20% kanye ne-Italy ngo-16% ingaphambili kwe-UK. Uhlu luhamba phambili ngeNorway neSwitzerland zombili ezino-32%.
Isilinganiso sokulondoloza imali yasendlini, iphesenti lemali engenayo esetshenziswayo abantu abayongayo noma abayisebenzisela ukubuyisela imali ebolekiwe, ku-Q4 2010 yayingu-5.4%. Ukubeka lokhu ngendlela eqondile isilinganiso sokulondoloza imali kule minyaka eyishumi edlule singu-4.3%, qhathanisa lokhu nama-90's, okulinganiselwa ku-9.2%, kanye nama-80's afinyelela ku-8.7%. I-UK isibe nelinye lamazinga aphansi okonga e-Europe futhi abantu bayo ngokwethembela ezimpeshenini babonakala bedukile kakhulu njengoba abantu abadala base-UK abangaphezu kwesigamu abongi imali eyanele yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Bangama-51% kuphela abasebenzi baseBrithani abongela ukuguga ngendlela efanele, ngokombiko wokugcina wempesheni wabafelokazi baseScotland.
Abantu bafuna, ngokwesilinganiso, iholo lomhlalaphansi lonyaka lika-£24,300 ukuze baphile ngokunethezeka, phansi kwesibalo sangaphambi kokwehla komnotho esingu-£27,900. Kodwa-ke, ukuze bathole iholo lokuthatha umhlalaphansi lika-£25,000 ngonyaka abahola impesheni bazodinga ibhodwe lempesheni elingu-£400,000 eliphindwe kane kunebhodwe lokonga lempesheni eliphakathi nendawo elilinganiselwa ku-£92,000 futhi lehla ngokushesha.
UTom McPhail, uchwepheshe wezimpesheni nomeluleki ozimele wezezimali uHargreaves Lansdown uthe ngokwezibalo zeHhovisi leNational Statistics, isilinganiso sokonga imali yempesheni yabantu abathatha umhlalaphansi abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-50 kuya kwengama-64 ngonyaka odlule bekungu-£91,900, eyanele ukukhiqiza iholo lonyaka elingango-£. 3,500 kuya ku-£4,000.
Ukuze ukhiqize imali engaba ngu-£24,000, uzodinga ibhodwe lempesheni elingama-£400,000 uma impesheni kahulumeni isicatshangelwe. Abantu namuhla babhekene nokukhetha okulula kakhulu: ukonga okwengeziwe, ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kamuva, noma ukuphila ngemali encane uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Kepha kunenketho yesithathu abeluleki bempesheni base-UK abayigwema ngamabomu futhi amaFulentshi asendleleni yokuqonda, etshala imali ngezimali.
Izilinganiso zibeka ukulahleka kwamandla okuthenga e-sterling cishe ku-20- 25% kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, ngakho-ke lelo bhodwe lempesheni eliyisilinganiso lika-£92,000 lingase libe nenani elincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nokuqhathaniswa nobhasikidi wezinhlobo zemali ehlobene njengokuthi; yen, euro, franc, dollar, yuan, the Aussie and Kiwi.
Ukukhuphuka kwezintengo zabathengi basendaweni akubonisi ukulahlekelwa amandla okuthenga emali. Cabanga ubambe ukonga ngoPondo waseBrithani ngo-2007. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, lawo maphawundi afanayo abezolahlekelwa cishe u-25% wenani uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemali ezinkulu, njenge-US Dollar, i-Euro kanye ne-Swiss Franc, nokunye okwengeziwe. Inani lemali elifanayo lango-2007 belizothenga "izinto" ezingu-33% ngaphezulu, uma libambe ukonga ngama-Swiss Francs esikhundleni samaPondo waseBrithani. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu ababambe ukonga kwezinye izimali ama-25% wamandla okuthenga azolahleka ngokubamba amaPondo aseBrithani. Uma isilondolozi silahlekelwa u-25% yenani layo eliphelele emakethe yamasheya bazozizwa bencipha kancane, kodwa uma kwenzeka okufanayo ekongeni, abantu babonakala bengenandaba nakho, inqobo nje uma kuyinombolo efanayo noma ephakeme ekhombisayo. esitatimendeni sabo sasebhange.
Ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi “inani eliphelele”, kukhona kuphela izimpahla ezingavaluliwe nezingabalulekile kangako.
Abaningi bethu bakhohliswe ekucabangeni ukuthi ingcebo yethu namandla ethu okuthenga kuyafana nenani lethu lengqikithi ngokwemibandela yemali eshiwo, kuncishiswe ukushintsha kwentengo yomthengi ngonyaka. Lokhu ngokusobala akulona iqiniso: kuthiwani uma ubufuna ukuthengela umndeni wakho indlu ngemva kokuba amanani ezindlu nerenti yenyuke ngo-50% eminyakeni emi-3? Kuthiwani uma ubufuna ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe futhi kungazelelwe uthole ukuthi ikhaya lakho elisha libiza kakhulu kunalokho obukade ulivakashele ngesikhathi sokugcina ngoba amandla akho okuthenga ehlile ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushintshisana?
Angikho ebhizinisini lokunikeza izeluleko zokutshala imali, imali ayiphephile (njengoba amaFulentshi ekholelwa) ayiphephile ikakhulukazi, futhi ayilona isigaba sempahla esiphephe kakhudlwana ukubamba ngaso sonke isikhathi ngohlobo lwemali yakho yasekhaya. Ukuphepha kwesikhathi eside kuphela onakho ekuvikeleni inani lakho lengqikithi ukufunda ukuthi ungabona kanjani uma futhi lapho izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpahla, ikakhulukazi izimali, zibiza ngokweqile noma zingaziswa kangako. Ukubamba ukheshi ngokungaboni ku-akhawunti yakho yokulondoloza kuyindlela enhle yokuzibeka engcupheni yokuvumela ukuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokuthi uhulumeni “intela yokwehla kwamandla emali” okubikiwe ukuthi ikwenze ube mpofu ngaphandle kokuthi wena uqaphele ukuthi yini ekushayile.
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AbaseFrance Bayonga Ngama-Euro, Ngesikhathi abaseBrithani Basakholelwa Ohlelweni Lwabo Lwempesheni, Zombili Izinkolelo Azilungile
UJan 9 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-10960 • 10 Amazwana KumaFulentshi Ayonga Ngama-Euro, Ngenkathi AmaBrithani Esakholelwa Kuhlelo Lwawo Lwempesheni, Zombili Izinkolelo Azilungile.
Naphezu kwenkulumo-mpikiswano ye-Eurozone amaFulentshi akhombisa ukwethemba okumangalisayo ohlelweni, amabhange abo kanye nemali yethu eyodwa ehlukumezekile, eshayiwe futhi elimele. Ngesinye sezilinganiso eziphansi kakhulu zezikweletu zomuntu siqu ku-Eurozone, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi amaFulentshi awazange azitike ngokweqile esikweletini semali ebolekiwe uBrits ayesisebenzisa kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, amaFulentshi anelisekile ngokugwema omatilasi njengendawo yokukhosela futhi. bheka amabhange abo njengezindawo eziphephile. Ukuhlangana phakathi kwamaFulentshi nozakwabo base-UK angeke kubonakale kugqama. Esilinganisweni sokugcina abonga base-UK babeke eceleni kuphela u-5.4% wemali engenayo etholakalayo ukuze balondoloze noma babuyisele imali ebolekiwe, u-17% ulingana nesiFulentshi.
Abalondolozi baseFrance baqoqa imali yabo eyisipele ngenani elisheshayo cishe eminyakeni engama-30. I-France iphakathi kwamazwe acebile kakhulu emazweni athuthukile futhi usongo lwenkinga yezikweletu zase-Europe esabalele e-France iye yaba nabalondolozi abagijimayo ngenxa yokuphepha okucatshangwayo kwama-akhawunti asebhange. Umnotho waseFrance uncike kakhulu esidingweni sabathengi ukuze uqinise ukukhula kwawo kuneJalimane ethembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe ukuze ikhule. Njengoba izimangalo zokuntuleka kwemisebenzi zikhuphuka ngeminyaka eyi-12, imindeni yaseFrance ilungiselela okubi kakhulu. Izinga lokonga lasekhaya lenyuka ngesikhathi senhlekelele yezimali ka-2008-09 futhi njengamanje lisebenza cishe ngamaphesenti ayi-17, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1983, ngokusho kwe-Thomson Reuters Datastream.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwabathengi kwehle ngoNovemba ngenani elishesha kakhulu lezinyanga eziyi-12 kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2009, okuphawule inkinga yezimali ka-2008-2009. Njengoba izikweletu zasendlini ziphakathi kwabaphansi kakhulu e-Europe kukhona ithuba lokuthi abongi baseFrance banciphise ukonga kwabo kusukela ekuphakameni kwamanje. Izinga eliphezulu lokonga libonakala liyinzuzo emabhange aseFrance njengoba ukukhuphuka kwediphozithi kusiza ekudambiseni ingcindezi yokuzixhasa ngezimali ezimakethe ezisebenzisana namabhange ngenkathi kusiza ukuhlangabezana nezilinganiso ezibuyekeziwe nezizayo ze-Basel III zokwanela kwezimali.
Ngokungena kwamadiphozithi kusiza ekwehliseni ukuthembela kwamabhange aseFrance ezimakethe kanye ne-ECB, akhangisa ama-akhawunti okonga angakhokhi intela nakhokhiswa intela, Izinga lokukhula kwamadiphozithi kuma-akhawunti okonga e-Livret A, angenayo intela futhi anombuso- izinga lenzalo elilawulwayo elingamaphesenti angu-2.25, likhuphuke ngoSepthemba laya kumaphesenti angu-11 ezinyangeni ezingu-12, ngokusho kwedatha yeBhange LaseFrance. Yize lokho kucishe kuphindwe kabili isilinganiso sesilinganiso esingamaphesenti ayisi-6 seminyaka eyi-10 edlule, kukude kakhulu kumaphesenti angama-30 abonwa ngoMashi 2009, ngezinsuku ezimnyama kakhulu zenhlekelele yezimali ka-2008-09.
AmaNgisi
Isimo esibucayi sabalondolozi base-UK sehluke kakhulu, kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kowezi-2008 inani elilondolozwe yi-UK liye lehla kakhulu. Ifinyelele eqophelweni eliphansi kakhulu ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2008, lapho ngokokuqala ngqa kusukela ngo-1955 iHhovisi Likazwelonke Lezibalo (i-ONS) labika isilinganiso esingesihle sokonga; njengesizwe i-UK yachitha imali engaphezu kwemali engenayo etholakalayo kuleyo kota. Kodwa-ke, uma iminikelo yempesheni yomqashi ingafakwa i-UK ibe nenani elibi lokonga kusukela ngo-2003.
Isilinganiso sesilinganiso sokulondoloza iminyaka engu-30 ngaphambi kwalokhu sasicishe sibe u-9%. NgokweBhange Lomhlaba i-UK inezinga lesihlanu eliphansi kakhulu lokonga isamba njengephesenti Lomkhiqizo Wasekhaya Osewonke (GDP) eYurophu. Ngokulondolozwa kwesamba esingu-12% se-GDP i-UK ingaphambi kwe-Iceland ngo-11% kuphela, iPortugal ngo-10%, i-Ireland ngo-9% kanye neGreece ngo-3%. Ngisho neSpain ngama-20% kanye ne-Italy ngo-16% ingaphambili kwe-UK. Uhlu luhamba phambili ngeNorway neSwitzerland zombili ezino-32%.
Isilinganiso sokulondoloza imali yasendlini, iphesenti lemali engenayo esetshenziswayo abantu abayongayo noma abayisebenzisela ukubuyisela imali ebolekiwe, ku-Q4 2010 yayingu-5.4%. Ukubeka lokhu ngendlela eqondile isilinganiso sokulondoloza imali kule minyaka eyishumi edlule singu-4.3%, qhathanisa lokhu nama-90's, okulinganiselwa ku-9.2%, kanye nama-80's afinyelela ku-8.7%. I-UK isibe nelinye lamazinga aphansi okonga e-Europe futhi abantu bayo ngokwethembela ezimpeshenini babonakala bedukile kakhulu njengoba abantu abadala base-UK abangaphezu kwesigamu abongi imali eyanele yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Bangama-51% kuphela abasebenzi baseBrithani abongela ukuguga ngendlela efanele, ngokombiko wokugcina wempesheni wabafelokazi baseScotland.
Abantu bafuna, ngokwesilinganiso, iholo lomhlalaphansi lonyaka lika-£24,300 ukuze baphile ngokunethezeka, phansi kwesibalo sangaphambi kokwehla komnotho esingu-£27,900. Kodwa-ke, ukuze bathole iholo lokuthatha umhlalaphansi lika-£25,000 ngonyaka abahola impesheni bazodinga ibhodwe lempesheni elingu-£400,000 eliphindwe kane kunebhodwe lokonga lempesheni eliphakathi nendawo elilinganiselwa ku-£92,000 futhi lehla ngokushesha.
UTom McPhail, uchwepheshe wezimpesheni nomeluleki ozimele wezezimali uHargreaves Lansdown uthe ngokwezibalo zeHhovisi leNational Statistics, isilinganiso sokonga imali yempesheni yabantu abathatha umhlalaphansi abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-50 kuya kwengama-64 ngonyaka odlule bekungu-£91,900, eyanele ukukhiqiza iholo lonyaka elingango-£. 3,500 kuya ku-£4,000.
Ukuze ukhiqize imali engaba ngu-£24,000, uzodinga ibhodwe lempesheni elingama-£400,000 uma impesheni kahulumeni isicatshangelwe. Abantu namuhla babhekene nokukhetha okulula kakhulu: ukonga okwengeziwe, ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kamuva, noma ukuphila ngemali encane uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Kepha kunenketho yesithathu abeluleki bempesheni base-UK abayigwema ngamabomu futhi amaFulentshi asendleleni yokuqonda, etshala imali ngezimali.
Izilinganiso zibeka ukulahleka kwamandla okuthenga e-sterling cishe ku-20- 25% kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, ngakho-ke lelo bhodwe lempesheni eliyisilinganiso lika-£92,000 lingase libe nenani elincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nokuqhathaniswa nobhasikidi wezinhlobo zemali ehlobene njengokuthi; yen, euro, franc, dollar, yuan, the Aussie and Kiwi.
Ukukhuphuka kwezintengo zabathengi basendaweni akubonisi ukulahlekelwa amandla okuthenga emali. Cabanga ubambe ukonga ngoPondo waseBrithani ngo-2007. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, lawo maphawundi afanayo abezolahlekelwa cishe u-25% wenani uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemali ezinkulu, njenge-US Dollar, i-Euro kanye ne-Swiss Franc, nokunye okwengeziwe. Inani lemali elifanayo lango-2007 belizothenga "izinto" ezingu-33% ngaphezulu, uma libambe ukonga ngama-Swiss Francs esikhundleni samaPondo waseBrithani. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu ababambe ukonga kwezinye izimali ama-25% wamandla okuthenga azolahleka ngokubamba amaPondo aseBrithani. Uma isilondolozi silahlekelwa u-25% yenani layo eliphelele emakethe yamasheya bazozizwa bencipha kancane, kodwa uma kwenzeka okufanayo ekongeni, abantu babonakala bengenandaba nakho, inqobo nje uma kuyinombolo efanayo noma ephakeme ekhombisayo. esitatimendeni sabo sasebhange.
Ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi “inani eliphelele”, kukhona kuphela izimpahla ezingavaluliwe nezingabalulekile kangako.
Abaningi bethu bakhohliswe ekucabangeni ukuthi ingcebo yethu namandla ethu okuthenga kuyafana nenani lethu lengqikithi ngokwemibandela yemali eshiwo, kuncishiswe ukushintsha kwentengo yomthengi ngonyaka. Lokhu ngokusobala akulona iqiniso: kuthiwani uma ubufuna ukuthengela umndeni wakho indlu ngemva kokuba amanani ezindlu nerenti yenyuke ngo-50% eminyakeni emi-3? Kuthiwani uma ubufuna ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe futhi kungazelelwe uthole ukuthi ikhaya lakho elisha libiza kakhulu kunalokho obukade ulivakashele ngesikhathi sokugcina ngoba amandla akho okuthenga ehlile ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushintshisana?
Angikho ebhizinisini lokunikeza izeluleko zokutshala imali, imali ayiphephile (njengoba amaFulentshi ekholelwa) ayiphephile ikakhulukazi, futhi ayilona isigaba sempahla esiphephe kakhudlwana ukubamba ngaso sonke isikhathi ngohlobo lwemali yakho yasekhaya. Ukuphepha kwesikhathi eside kuphela onakho ekuvikeleni inani lakho lengqikithi ukufunda ukuthi ungabona kanjani uma futhi lapho izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpahla, ikakhulukazi izimali, zibiza ngokweqile noma zingaziswa kangako. Ukubamba ukheshi ngokungaboni ku-akhawunti yakho yokulondoloza kuyindlela enhle yokuzibeka engcupheni yokuvumela ukuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokuthi uhulumeni “intela yokwehla kwamandla emali” okubikiwe ukuthi ikwenze ube mpofu ngaphandle kokuthi wena uqaphele ukuthi yini ekushayile.
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