Ukuthi Ukuvinjelwa Kokuthunyelwa Kwezimbiwa KwaseChina Kungadiliza Kanjani Izifiso Zokuhlaza ZaseYurophu
I-China isanda kuphonsela inselelo ezinhlelweni zase-Europe zokuba luhlaza. Umdondoshiya wase-Asia uzokhawulela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amaminerali abalulekile asetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nezinekhabhoni ephansi. Lokhu kungase kudale inkinga ku-European Union, ezama ukuqeda ikhabhoni umnotho wayo futhi yehlise ukuthembela kwayo kubahlinzeki bangaphandle.
I-China Mineral Monopoly
I-China ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni wamaminerali amabili, i-gallium ne-germanium, abalulekile ekwenzeni ama-semiconductors, amadivaysi ezokuxhumana kanye nezimoto zikagesi. I-EU ithola iningi le-gallium ne-germanium yayo e-China: 71% kanye no-45%, ngokulandelana.
Kusukela ngenyanga ezayo, i-China izobekela imingcele ukuthunyelwa kwalezi zimbiwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nezinye eziyi-15. Lokhu kuyingxenye yesu leShayina lokulawula uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke lobuchwepheshe obubalulekile kanye nokuzuza umngcele ngaphezu kwezimbangi zayo.
Inkinga Yokuphepha Kwezomnotho YaseYurophu
Lesi sinyathelo siza ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa i-EU yethula isu elisha lokuphepha kwezomnotho elihlose ukuvikela ubuchwepheshe bayo obubalulekile ekuphazamisekeni kwamanye amazwe kanye nokukhawulela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphandle ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha kwezwe. Lesi siphakamiso siyingxenye yomfutho okhulayo phakathi kwe-bloc wokuqinisa amathuluzi ayo ezokuphepha njengoba amazwe afana neChina neRussia eya ngokuya esebenzisa ukuhweba nokulawula izintambo ezibalulekile zokuhlinzeka ngempahla ukuze aqhubekisele phambili izinhloso zawo zezepolitiki kanye nezempi.
Kodwa iYurophu iboshiwe. Idinga imakethe nezimbiwa zaseChina, kodwa futhi ifuna ukumelana nokugomela kanye nolaka lwaseChina.
"Izenzo zaseShayina ziyisikhumbuzo esiqinile sokuthi ngubani obambe iqhaza kulo mdlalo," kusho uSimone Tagliapietra, umcwaningi esikhungweni sezengqondo saseBruegel eBrussels, engxoxweni. "Iqiniso elibuhlungu ukuthi kuzothatha okungenani iminyaka eyishumi ukuthi amazwe aseNtshonalanga asuse ubungozi emaketangeni okunikezwa kwamaminerali aseShayina, ngakho-ke kuwukuncika kwe-asymmetric."
I-Europe's Energy Dependence
I-Europe yafunda isifundo esinzima ngesikhathi iRussia yethula impi entsha e-Ukraine ngonyaka odlule, okwadala ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokwesaba ukuthi zonke izimboni zingawa njengoba i-bloc igijimela ukuthola imithombo emisha kawoyela negesi. Amazwe angamalungu e-EU abanjwa engalindele isenzo seMoscow, futhi amanye amazwe athembele kakhulu kuwoyela negesi yaseRussia eshibhile.
Uguquko olufanayo luyabonakala kunqubomgomo ye-EU yaseShayina, namanye amazwe angafuni ukubeka engcupheni ubudlelwano bawo bezohwebo nomnotho wesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni.
Imakethe yabathengi yaseChina engu-$6.8 trillion iyindawo ebalulekile yokuthunyelwa kwezimoto zaseYurophu, ezemithi nemishini. Abakhiqizi bezimoto baseJalimane iVolkswagen AG, Mercedes-Benz AG kanye neBayerische Motoren Werke AG bakhe inqwaba yezimboni eChina, futhi bobathathu abakhiqizi sebedayisa izimoto eziningi eChina kunanoma iyiphi enye imakethe.
Izwe laseMelika liphoqe ukuthi i-Europe ibambe iqhaza elikhulu eBeijing, noMengameli weKhomishini yaseYurophu u-Ursula von der Leyen ephikisana ngokuthi i-bloc idinga "ukuyibeka engcupheni" iChina, kodwa ngaphandle "kokubhidliza" okugcwele.
NgoMashi, i-EU yaphasisa uMthetho Obalulekile Wezinto Eziluhlaza ukuze kwenziwe kube lula ukuxhasa ngezimali nokugunyaza amaphrojekthi amasha akhuphukayo naphansi komfula, kanye nokwenza imifelandawonye yezohwebo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthembela kwe-bloc kubahlinzeki baseChina. I-US ne-Europe ziphinde zafuna ukwakha “iklabhu yabathengi” yamadili okunikezela kanye nobudlelwano bokutshalwa kwezimali nabakhiqizi.
I-Europe's Green Challenge
Kepha le mizamo ingahle inganele ukulwa nemikhawulo emisha yaseChina yokuthumela ngaphandle, engabeka engcupheni ikhono le-bloc lokuguqula umnotho wayo ukuze uvumelane nemvelo.
Isinyathelo saseShayina siza njengoba i-EU iqala ukuhlela kabusha okungakaze kubonwe ukuze kuqedwe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuwo wonke umnotho wayo, kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kuye kwezolimo nezokuthutha. I-Green Deal, ehlose ukwenza lesi sifunda singathathi hlangothi kwesimo sezulu ngo-2050, sizodinga ukufinyelela kunqwaba yezinto ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa kukho konke kusukela kumaphaneli elanga kuya ezimotweni zikagesi.
"IYurophu namuhla incike kakhulu eChina ngeqoqo lobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile kanye nezithako ezibalulekile, ngakho-ke ukwanda kwalokhu kungezwani kungenza ukuthi i-Europe ibe nekusasa eliqhakazile," kusho uTagliapietra.
Izinketho ZaseYurophu
I-EU ingase inselele imingcele emisha yaseChina yokuthumela ngaphandle eNhlanganweni Yomhlaba Yezohwebo, kodwa lokho kungase kuthathe iminyaka futhi kubhekane nezintuba zomthetho. I-China ingasho ukuthi lezi zinyathelo ziyadingeka ekuvikelekeni kwezwe, okuzoyivumela ukuthi ithathe "noma yisiphi isenzo esibona kudingekile ukuvikela izintshisekelo zayo eziyinhloko zokuphepha."
Kungenjalo, i-EU ingazama ukuthola eminye imithombo yalezi zimbiwa, kungaba ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo noma kwamanye amazwe. Kepha lokhu kuzodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokubambisana kwezepolitiki.
I-EU ingase futhi izame ukuxoxisana ne-China ngokobuzwe futhi ifune ukuvumelana okuzoqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuzinzile kwalawa maminerali. Kodwa lokhu kuzodinga ukwethenjwa nokuthakaselwa yizinhlangothi zombili, okuyizinto ezishodayo kulezi zinsuku. I-EU ibhekene nokukhetha okunzima: ukwamukela ukubusa kweShayina phezu kwalezi zimbiwa ezibalulekile noma engozini yokulahlekelwa umkhawulo emnothweni oluhlaza. Noma iyiphi indlela, yisimo esilahlekile se-Europe.
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