NgoSeptemba 19 • Amagqabantshintshi eMarike • 6370 izimvo • Comments Off kwiFuel yokuCinga
I-United States lelona lizwe livelisa amafutha e-ethanol. I-US ivelise i-50.0 yeebhiliyoni zeelitha zamafutha e-ethanol ngo-2010. I-fuel ye-ethanol isetyenziswa kakhulu e-US njenge-oxygenate kwi-petroli. Ngo-2009, kuwo onke amafutha e-ethanol asetyenziswe kweli lizwe, i-99% isetyenziswe njenge-ethanol kwi-gasohol. Uninzi lwe-ethanol yase-US iveliswa kumbona kwaye umbane ofunekayo we-distilleries uvela kwizityalo zamalahle, ingxoxo isendleleni malunga nendlela ezinzileyo ye-bio-ethanol esekelwe kuyo ekutshintsheni amafutha e-fossil kwizithuthi. Inkcaso kunye nempikiswano inxulumene nesixa esikhulu somhlaba olimekayo ofunekayo kwizityalo kunye nempembelelo yawo ekuboneleleni ngokutya okuziinkozo kwihlabathi, iziphumo ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo zokutshintsha ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, kunye nemiba ephathelele kwibhalansi yamandla kunye nokuqina kwekhabhoni xa kuqwalaselwa umjikelo wobomi opheleleyo we-ethanol. imveliso.
Oyena nobangela wovukelo lweArabha udla ngokubalelwa kuMohamed Bouazizi oneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithandathu owayehlala kwidolophu yephondo yaseSidi Bouzid, eTunisia, wayenesidanga saseyunivesithi kodwa engaphangeli. Ngelinge lokuziphilisa waqalisa ukuthengisa iziqhamo nemifuno ezitalatweni ngaphandle kwephepha-mvume. Abasemagunyeni baseTunisia bammisa baza bahlutha imveliso yakhe, ngokuphelelwa lithemba wazitshisa ngomlilo ngoMgqibelo we-18 kaDisemba 2010. Uqhushululu lwalandela kwaye imikhosi yokhuseleko yavala ngokukhawuleza idolophu. NgoLwesithathu olandelayo omnye umfana ongaphangeliyo eSidi Bouzid wakhwela kwipali yombane, wakhwaza esithi “hayi ngenkxwaleko, hayi ngenxa yokungaphangeli”, emva koko wabamba iingcingo waza wazidubula. NgoLwesihlanu we-16 Septemba 2011, ngaphandle kwebhanki ePiraeus (izibuko elikhulu lolwandle eGrisi), usomashishini omncinci wazigalela ngepetroli waza wazitshisa ngomlilo. Uqhanqalazo lwakhe olunxungupheleyo kuyabonakala ukuba wayenomsindo ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kweshishini lakhe kunye nokungafumani ncedo lwebhanki.
Intsomi iqhutyelwe ngamajelo eendaba asentshona athobelayo kukuba i-Arab spring yayisabela kulawulo lobuzwilakhe ngokukodwa, xa eneneni ukusilela ngokupheleleyo koqoqosho kumazwe athile ase-Arab nakwimimandla yaseAfrika engabamelwane ebangela; indlala, ukuswela kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba kwaba ngumba omkhulu njengoko umnqweno wokutshintsha ulawulo. Uguquko lwasentwasahlobo lwama-Arabhu luye, ngokufana obekungacingelwanga ngaphambili, ngoku kwandiswe kwaSirayeli. Amajelo eendaba aphambili akaluhoyanga uqhanqalazo lwaseTel Aviv apho abantu abaninzi bebehlanganisene ngeempelaveki ezilandelelanayo beqhankqalaza kuqoqosho oluye lwawohloka. Ukunyuka kwamandla emali, amaxabiso ezindlu kunye nerenti engaphaya kokufikelela kudidi oluphakathi kwaSirayeli, imivuzo edodobalisayo, amanqanaba amakhulu entswela-ngqesho engabhalwanga kunye nabantu abakumgangatho ophakathi abafundileyo abathi, ngenxa yokungabathembi nokubanomsindo kwiinkokeli zabo zopolitiko, ngoku bafuna utshintsho olubangela udushe eluxolweni. . Uqikelelo lubeka amanani kwizitrato zaseTel Aviv malunga nama-300,000, kuthathelwa ingqalelo inani labantu elimalunga ne-3.3 yezigidi inani elikhulu elithe laya ezitalatweni ukuqhankqalaza.
Kuya kusiba nzima kakhulu koorhulumente noorhulumente ukunqanda ingxoxo malunga namanqanaba okwenyuka kwamaxabiso achaphazela ukutya okusisiseko kunye nezinto ezisisiseko kunye nokufihla unobangela wokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Uninzi lwabemi base-USA, UK kunye naseYurophu banokusuka barhoxe amagxa abo kwaye bakhuphe incwina ediniweyo xa behlawula kwivenkile enkulu, okanye kwimpompo yepetroli njengoko bejonga i-5% ye-RPI kwiirisithi zabo. Nangona kunjalo, kubuninzi babantu abakuMbindi Mpuma okanye eAfrika ukwanda kokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwizinto ezisisiseko ngumahluko phakathi kobomi okanye ukufa, indlala okanye ubukho. Ngelixa urhulumente wase-UK enokubala amanani akhe okunyuka kwamaxabiso esebenzisa ibhaskithi yeempahla ezibandakanya iithowuni zeringi eziphathwayo, ibroadband, isky tv kunye nomabonakude bescreen seplasma obobunewunewu abuyonxalenye yebhaskithi yokhetho kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo zehlabathi. I-Brent crude inenkani ihleli ngaphezulu kwe- $100 yomphanda kangangeenyanga ezintandathu, ukutya okusisiseko kuye kwanda ngokungenalusini, ngelixa abaqhubi beemoto base-UK benokumelana nelitha yepetroli eyonyuka ngama-30% kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu (njengoko imivuzo yabo yokwenyani kunye nexabiso lentengo ehlengahlengisiweyo ihlala imile) ihlwempuzekile. abemi behlabathi abanalo iqhinga lokumelana. Ngokutya, amafutha kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezibalelwa phantse zonke iindleko zabo, ukusuka kwisikhundla somvuzo ophantsi kakhulu, ukunyuka kwexabiso lokutya okuziinkozo kunye namafutha kubeka ubomi emngciphekweni.
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ehlabathi okufunyenwe ukusukela ngo-2008 kusisiphumo esithe ngqo sokunciphisa ubungakanani obulandelayo e-USA, UK kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo baseYurophu bazibhokoxa ekuhlaziyeni amaziko emali amakhulu ukuze “kugcinwe inkqubo”. Umgaqo-nkqubo odityanisiweyo we-zirp ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ubangele ukuba le mali igqithisiweyo ikhawuleze ingene kwiimveliso eziqikelelwayo kunye nezabelo zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo. Ngelixa amaxabiso eequity enokuthi alungise iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nezingalindelekanga kukuba amaxabiso eemveliso angehli. Ukuba i-oyile ihlala ikwi-100 yeedola ngomphanda, kangangexesha elingaphezulu leenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinambini, ukudodobala koqoqosho 'ku-double dip' kubonakala kuqinisekile.
Ngelixa abaphathiswa bezemali baseYurophu abakhokelayo bedibana ukuxoxa ngeendlela ezithe xhaxhe zokuphucula inkqubo yebhanki yezizwe ngezizwe, ezifumana sele ikwingxondorha, abafane baxoxisane ngokuphandle (ukuba kusetyenziswe uluntu) ngeziphumo ezongezelelekileyo eziya kudalwa yi-QE. Nokuba kukho i-QE ethe chatha edala izixa-mali ezingasikelwanga mda zeedola, kwiibhanki ezingoovimba isithuba seenyanga ezintathu, nazo ziya kuwanyusa ngokungathanga ngqo amaxabiso ezinto zorhwebo kwaye ziwohloke ngokumandla umgangatho wokuphila nokuphila kwezigidi. Xa uMnumzana Geithner ebuyela emotweni ethe phithi yi-USA mhlawumbi uya kucamngca ngohambo oluthathwa ngabantu abaninzi baseMelika. Njengoko i-cavalcade yakhe exhobileyo iphuma kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya unokujonga abo baya kwiindawo zokutyela ukutya okukhawulezayo, beqhutywa ziimoto 'ekukutyani' kwaye athathele ingqalelo ukuba "umsebenzi wakhe wenziwe kakuhle" kule mpelaveki kunye noogxa bakhe baseYurophu enyanisweni ludaka lwexeshana oluncamathelayo eYurophu kwaye I-USA, kodwa inxeba elibulalayo elinokubakho kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo nasakhasayo.
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NgoSeptemba 19 • Amagqabantshintshi eMarike • 6370 izimvo • Comments Off kwiFuel yokuCinga
I-United States lelona lizwe livelisa amafutha e-ethanol. I-US ivelise i-50.0 yeebhiliyoni zeelitha zamafutha e-ethanol ngo-2010. I-fuel ye-ethanol isetyenziswa kakhulu e-US njenge-oxygenate kwi-petroli. Ngo-2009, kuwo onke amafutha e-ethanol asetyenziswe kweli lizwe, i-99% isetyenziswe njenge-ethanol kwi-gasohol. Uninzi lwe-ethanol yase-US iveliswa kumbona kwaye umbane ofunekayo we-distilleries uvela kwizityalo zamalahle, ingxoxo isendleleni malunga nendlela ezinzileyo ye-bio-ethanol esekelwe kuyo ekutshintsheni amafutha e-fossil kwizithuthi. Inkcaso kunye nempikiswano inxulumene nesixa esikhulu somhlaba olimekayo ofunekayo kwizityalo kunye nempembelelo yawo ekuboneleleni ngokutya okuziinkozo kwihlabathi, iziphumo ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo zokutshintsha ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, kunye nemiba ephathelele kwibhalansi yamandla kunye nokuqina kwekhabhoni xa kuqwalaselwa umjikelo wobomi opheleleyo we-ethanol. imveliso.
Oyena nobangela wovukelo lweArabha udla ngokubalelwa kuMohamed Bouazizi oneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithandathu owayehlala kwidolophu yephondo yaseSidi Bouzid, eTunisia, wayenesidanga saseyunivesithi kodwa engaphangeli. Ngelinge lokuziphilisa waqalisa ukuthengisa iziqhamo nemifuno ezitalatweni ngaphandle kwephepha-mvume. Abasemagunyeni baseTunisia bammisa baza bahlutha imveliso yakhe, ngokuphelelwa lithemba wazitshisa ngomlilo ngoMgqibelo we-18 kaDisemba 2010. Uqhushululu lwalandela kwaye imikhosi yokhuseleko yavala ngokukhawuleza idolophu. NgoLwesithathu olandelayo omnye umfana ongaphangeliyo eSidi Bouzid wakhwela kwipali yombane, wakhwaza esithi “hayi ngenkxwaleko, hayi ngenxa yokungaphangeli”, emva koko wabamba iingcingo waza wazidubula. NgoLwesihlanu we-16 Septemba 2011, ngaphandle kwebhanki ePiraeus (izibuko elikhulu lolwandle eGrisi), usomashishini omncinci wazigalela ngepetroli waza wazitshisa ngomlilo. Uqhanqalazo lwakhe olunxungupheleyo kuyabonakala ukuba wayenomsindo ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kweshishini lakhe kunye nokungafumani ncedo lwebhanki.
Intsomi iqhutyelwe ngamajelo eendaba asentshona athobelayo kukuba i-Arab spring yayisabela kulawulo lobuzwilakhe ngokukodwa, xa eneneni ukusilela ngokupheleleyo koqoqosho kumazwe athile ase-Arab nakwimimandla yaseAfrika engabamelwane ebangela; indlala, ukuswela kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba kwaba ngumba omkhulu njengoko umnqweno wokutshintsha ulawulo. Uguquko lwasentwasahlobo lwama-Arabhu luye, ngokufana obekungacingelwanga ngaphambili, ngoku kwandiswe kwaSirayeli. Amajelo eendaba aphambili akaluhoyanga uqhanqalazo lwaseTel Aviv apho abantu abaninzi bebehlanganisene ngeempelaveki ezilandelelanayo beqhankqalaza kuqoqosho oluye lwawohloka. Ukunyuka kwamandla emali, amaxabiso ezindlu kunye nerenti engaphaya kokufikelela kudidi oluphakathi kwaSirayeli, imivuzo edodobalisayo, amanqanaba amakhulu entswela-ngqesho engabhalwanga kunye nabantu abakumgangatho ophakathi abafundileyo abathi, ngenxa yokungabathembi nokubanomsindo kwiinkokeli zabo zopolitiko, ngoku bafuna utshintsho olubangela udushe eluxolweni. . Uqikelelo lubeka amanani kwizitrato zaseTel Aviv malunga nama-300,000, kuthathelwa ingqalelo inani labantu elimalunga ne-3.3 yezigidi inani elikhulu elithe laya ezitalatweni ukuqhankqalaza.
Kuya kusiba nzima kakhulu koorhulumente noorhulumente ukunqanda ingxoxo malunga namanqanaba okwenyuka kwamaxabiso achaphazela ukutya okusisiseko kunye nezinto ezisisiseko kunye nokufihla unobangela wokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Uninzi lwabemi base-USA, UK kunye naseYurophu banokusuka barhoxe amagxa abo kwaye bakhuphe incwina ediniweyo xa behlawula kwivenkile enkulu, okanye kwimpompo yepetroli njengoko bejonga i-5% ye-RPI kwiirisithi zabo. Nangona kunjalo, kubuninzi babantu abakuMbindi Mpuma okanye eAfrika ukwanda kokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwizinto ezisisiseko ngumahluko phakathi kobomi okanye ukufa, indlala okanye ubukho. Ngelixa urhulumente wase-UK enokubala amanani akhe okunyuka kwamaxabiso esebenzisa ibhaskithi yeempahla ezibandakanya iithowuni zeringi eziphathwayo, ibroadband, isky tv kunye nomabonakude bescreen seplasma obobunewunewu abuyonxalenye yebhaskithi yokhetho kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo zehlabathi. I-Brent crude inenkani ihleli ngaphezulu kwe- $100 yomphanda kangangeenyanga ezintandathu, ukutya okusisiseko kuye kwanda ngokungenalusini, ngelixa abaqhubi beemoto base-UK benokumelana nelitha yepetroli eyonyuka ngama-30% kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu (njengoko imivuzo yabo yokwenyani kunye nexabiso lentengo ehlengahlengisiweyo ihlala imile) ihlwempuzekile. abemi behlabathi abanalo iqhinga lokumelana. Ngokutya, amafutha kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezibalelwa phantse zonke iindleko zabo, ukusuka kwisikhundla somvuzo ophantsi kakhulu, ukunyuka kwexabiso lokutya okuziinkozo kunye namafutha kubeka ubomi emngciphekweni.
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ehlabathi okufunyenwe ukusukela ngo-2008 kusisiphumo esithe ngqo sokunciphisa ubungakanani obulandelayo e-USA, UK kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo baseYurophu bazibhokoxa ekuhlaziyeni amaziko emali amakhulu ukuze “kugcinwe inkqubo”. Umgaqo-nkqubo odityanisiweyo we-zirp ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ubangele ukuba le mali igqithisiweyo ikhawuleze ingene kwiimveliso eziqikelelwayo kunye nezabelo zamashishini ezingenanzala emisiweyo. Ngelixa amaxabiso eequity enokuthi alungise iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nezingalindelekanga kukuba amaxabiso eemveliso angehli. Ukuba i-oyile ihlala ikwi-100 yeedola ngomphanda, kangangexesha elingaphezulu leenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinambini, ukudodobala koqoqosho 'ku-double dip' kubonakala kuqinisekile.
Ngelixa abaphathiswa bezemali baseYurophu abakhokelayo bedibana ukuxoxa ngeendlela ezithe xhaxhe zokuphucula inkqubo yebhanki yezizwe ngezizwe, ezifumana sele ikwingxondorha, abafane baxoxisane ngokuphandle (ukuba kusetyenziswe uluntu) ngeziphumo ezongezelelekileyo eziya kudalwa yi-QE. Nokuba kukho i-QE ethe chatha edala izixa-mali ezingasikelwanga mda zeedola, kwiibhanki ezingoovimba isithuba seenyanga ezintathu, nazo ziya kuwanyusa ngokungathanga ngqo amaxabiso ezinto zorhwebo kwaye ziwohloke ngokumandla umgangatho wokuphila nokuphila kwezigidi. Xa uMnumzana Geithner ebuyela emotweni ethe phithi yi-USA mhlawumbi uya kucamngca ngohambo oluthathwa ngabantu abaninzi baseMelika. Njengoko i-cavalcade yakhe exhobileyo iphuma kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya unokujonga abo baya kwiindawo zokutyela ukutya okukhawulezayo, beqhutywa ziimoto 'ekukutyani' kwaye athathele ingqalelo ukuba "umsebenzi wakhe wenziwe kakuhle" kule mpelaveki kunye noogxa bakhe baseYurophu enyanisweni ludaka lwexeshana oluncamathelayo eYurophu kwaye I-USA, kodwa inxeba elibulalayo elinokubakho kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo nasakhasayo.
ifxccAmagqabantshintshi kwintengisoioyile
« Abaphathiswa bezeMali baseYurophu: I-USA kufuneka ifumane eyayo iNdlu ngokulandelelana Isiphelo seVelocity, i-IMF kunye neGoldman Sachs Yenza iMathematika »