Feb 21 • Ndemanga za Msika • 5759 Views • Comments Off pa Achimereka Akuyendetsa Pang'ono Ndipo Akuwuluka Pang'ono, Kodi Pomaliza Ali Panjira Yopita Kwina?
"Kodi bukulo linali labwino kuposa kanema?" ndiye funso lomwe limakonda kubwerezedwa pomwe buku logulitsa kwambiri limamasuliridwa pazenera lalikulu. Anadandaula kuti filimuyo ndiyabwino kwambiri kuposa bukulo, komabe, filimuyo ndiyabwino kwambiri. Ndayiwonanso posachedwa ndipo ngati pali mawu ochepa ndiye kuti amalembedwa kwambiri ndipo ndi mawu amodzi; "America".
The Road ndi buku la 2006 lolembedwa ndi wolemba waku America Cormac McCarthy. Ndi nkhani yapa-apocalyptic yapaulendo wa abambo ndi mwana wawo wamwamuna wachichepere kwa miyezi ingapo, kudutsa malo owonongedwa ndi ngozi yosadziwika yomwe yawononga chitukuko komanso pafupifupi zamoyo zonse Padziko Lapansi.
Abambo omwe sanatchulidwepo dzina limodzi ndi mwana wawo wamwamuna wachichepere adadutsa malo owopsa atatha kuwonongeka, patadutsa zaka zingapo tsoka lalikulu lomwe silinafotokozeredwe lawononga chitukuko ndi miyoyo yambiri padziko lapansi. Dzikoli ladzaza ndi phulusa komanso lopanda nyama zamoyo komanso zomera. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe atsala omwe apulumuka ayamba kudya anzawo, kufunafuna kuwonongeka kwa mzinda ndi dziko mofananamo kuti akhale nyama. Amayi a mnyamatayo, omwe anali ndi pakati pa iwo panthawi yangoziyo, adataya chiyembekezo ndipo adadzipha nthawi yayitali nkhani isanayambike, ngakhale abambo ake adampempha. Zambiri mwa bukuli zidalembedwa mwa munthu wachitatu, ndikutchula "bambo" ndi "mwana" kapena "mamuna" ndi "mnyamatayo".
Pozindikira kuti sangapulumuke nyengo yachisanu yomwe ikubwera komwe iwo ali, bambowo amatenga mnyamatayo kumwera m'misewu yopanda kanthu kulowera kunyanja, atanyamula katundu wawo wochepa m'matumba awo komanso m'galimoto yayikulu. Bamboyo amatsokomola magazi nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo pamapeto pake amazindikira kuti akumwalira, komabe amavutikirabe kuteteza mwana wake ku ziwopsezo zomwe zimamuwopseza, kuwonekera, ndi kusowa chakudya ...
Woyang'anira zachilengedwe waku Britain a George Monbiot adachita chidwi ndi The Road kotero adalengeza kuti McCarthy ndi m'modzi mwa "anthu 50 omwe angapulumutse dziko lapansi" munkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa mu Januware 2008. Monbiot adalemba;
Likhoza kukhala buku lofunika kwambiri lachilengedwe kuposa kale lonse. Ndimayeso oyesa kuganiza omwe amaganiza za dziko lopanda chilengedwe, ndikuwonetsa kuti chilichonse chomwe timayang'ana chimadalira chilengedwe.
Kusankhidwa uku kukugwirizana ndi zomwe a Monbiot adalemba miyezi ingapo m'mbuyomu The Guardian momwe adalemba;
Masabata angapo apitawa ndinawerenga zomwe ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi buku lofunika kwambiri lachilengedwe lomwe lidalembedwapo. Si Kasupe Wakachetechete, Wamng'ono Ndi Wokongola kapenanso Walden. Mulibe ma graph, mulibe matebulo, mulibe zowona, ziwerengero, machenjezo, kuneneratu kapena zotsutsana. Komanso sichikhala ndi chiganizo chimodzi chokhwima, chomwe, chomvetsa chisoni, chimachisiyanitsa ndi zolemba zambiri zachilengedwe. Ndi buku, lomwe lidasindikizidwa koyamba chaka chatha, ndipo lisintha momwe mumaonera dziko lapansi.
Mawu awiri; "Zotsalira za kaboni" zasowa mu lexicon ndi zeitgeist pazokambirana tsiku ndi tsiku pazaka zaposachedwa. Mwina mawuwa amatengedwa ngati 'anti-thesis' pakukula, chifukwa chake mawu awiriwa amafunika kutengera zachuma 101. Simungakhale ndi kukula popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, chifukwa chake mawu awiriwa adawonedwa ngati "ayi ayi" . Ndipo m'dziko lomwe limakhulupirira Bigfoot kuposa zotsalira za kaboni kusachita chidwi ndi njira zopezera mafuta sizodabwitsa.
Nzika zaku USA sadziwa kuti adabadwa mukamaganizira zomwe amalipira petulo (gasi) poyerekeza ndi abale awo aku Europe. Mantha akugwira ku USA kuti mtengo wamafuta ungakwere mpaka $ 4 pa galoni .. "nanga, ukunyoza ine, galoni, akuwopa kuti petulo ali pa malita anayi?"
Madola anayi amagula pafupifupi mapaundi awiri ndi theka. Ma metric ovutawo ndi malita 4.5 kufika pa galoni, ku UK mtengo wa lita imodzi yopanda mipando ikuyandikira kwambiri ma peni 140, chifukwa chake tiyeni "tichite masamu" momwe amakonda kunenera 'uko'.
'Galoni' wamafuta ku UK atha kulipira mapeni a 630. Ngati abale athu aku USA amalipira ndalama zofanana ndi nzika zaku UK za mafuta okwana galoni akanakhala kuti amalipira pafupifupi $ 9.95..ouch ...
Tsopano iyi si nkhani yosinkhasinkha pazifukwa zakusokonekera kwamitengo kotere chifukwa cha yankho lowoneka bwino ndi misonkho. Chipani chilichonse ku USA chomwe chimagawira anthu mphamvu nthawi ndi nthawi ponamizira kuti ndi demokalase, sadzapereka msonkho wowonjezera kapena misonkho yachindunji poyerekeza ndi aku Europe pamafuta apanyumba kapena ogulitsa mafakitale. Sikuti kudzipha pazandale kungadzichitikire nthawi yomweyo. Nkhani iyi siyikufunsa funso lodziwikiratu kuti chifukwa chiyani kukhumba kosakhutira ndi ludzu la mafuta ku USA zitha kuyitengera kumayiko akunja mpaka pomwe mafuta omaliza ndi 'kasitomala' akuti, pali mbali ina yosangalatsa kwambiri pamtengo wamafuta ndi USA yomwe olemba ndemanga ambiri pamsika amalephera kunena. Ngakhale aku America amakhala ndi misonkho yotsika, ngakhale anthu aku America amalipira pafupifupi theka la mtengo waku Europe wamafuta, ngakhale malipiro awo apakati ndi amodzi mwa okwera kwambiri mmaiko otukuka, sangakwanitse kupeza mafuta oti aziyendetsa, ali pa m'mphepete ..
Kodi mitengo ya 'gasi' ikupangitsa anthu aku America kuti aganizirenso za chikondi chawo poyendetsa galimoto?
Malinga ndi Federal Highway Administration ya US department of Transportation, aku America akuyendetsa pang'ono. Adayendetsa ma 38.3 biliyoni ochepa mu 2011 kuposa 2010, kutsika kwa 1.4%. Kusinthaku sikunali kodabwitsa kwenikweni kumpoto chakumpoto kwa US, kuphatikiza Ohio, komwe kunatsika ndi 0.7% mpaka 53.6 biliyoni.
Gas Buddy, tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe limayang'anira mitengo yamafuta ndi zina zokhudzana nazo, adati mu blog Lolemba kuti izi ndi zina mwazomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira pomwe mitengo yamafuta idagunda $ 4 pa galoni mu 2008.
Mitengo yamafuta a WTI idutsa $ 100 pa mbiya ndipo "Business Insider" inanena kuti "ena ofufuza zamafuta amalosera $ 4.50 galoni kapena kupitilira tsiku la Chikumbutso ku West Coast ndi mizinda ikuluikulu ku United States monga Chicago, New York ndi Atlanta. ”
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza mitengo yamafuta, popeza Great Recession America ikuyendetsa pang'ono chifukwa cha ulova kapena kuwopa kutaya ntchito, aku America omwe akadafunabe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe amapeza movutikira akukwera pampando patsogolo pa makompyuta awo m'malo mongoyenda kuseri kwa gudumu lagalimoto yawo akuti "The Wall Street Journal," monga ziwerengero zamalonda e-commerce zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa 16% kwa kugulitsa pa intaneti m'gawo lachinayi la 2011.
Mu February 2010 anthu aku America anali kulipira $ 2.50 pa galoni, pofika Meyi chaka chatha mitengo yamafuta idakwera mpaka $ 4.01 pa galoni. Anthu aku America adayamba kuchepetsa kuyendetsa kwawo ndipo msika udayankha. Mitengo yamafuta idatsika pang'onopang'ono kuyambira pomwe idafika pamagulu anayi ndipo pofika tsiku loyamba la 2012 mitengo inali itatsika mpaka $ 3.10. Tsopano mitengo ikupita kumtunda, pafupifupi mtengo wamafuta ku Atlanta (malinga ndi GasBuddy.com) pa $ 3.56.
Mtengo wapakati wamafuta wamba ku California wakwera kupitirira $ 4 pa galoni, ndikuyembekeza kudzapeza mitengo yokwera kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwaposachedwa mdziko lonse komanso mdziko lonse lapansi kungapweteketse ogula, komanso chuma chambiri.
Kugunda Njira
Onse aku America 'wamba' aku America akufotokoza momwe moyo watsiku ndi tsiku uliri wotsika mtengo, ndipo pagulu lanthu ngongole zanyumba zokhala ndi zaka makumi atatu zili pafupifupi 3% ndipo malipiro apakatikati a circa $ 40,000 ndiokwera kwambiri kuposa Europe. Ngati mtengo uphwanya $ 4 dollars pa galoni kachiwiri ndikukhalabe pamwamba pokana nthawi yayitali ndiye kuti chikondi chokhazikika cha aku America poyendetsa galimoto chitha kuyesedwa kwambiri. Ili mdziko lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti mayendedwe achangu achangu amafika mochedwa ndipo zitha kukhala zadzidzidzi, chochitika positi pambuyo poganiza.
Pomwe buku la The Road likulongosola za tsogolo lopanda tanthauzo ku America kutengera zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuchitika kuthekera kwakuti mwina USA ikhoza kukhala itayamba kale kuchita izi. Petroli pa $ 5 ndiye rubicon kwa anthu ambiri aku America, petulo pafupifupi $ 10 (ofanana ku Europe) zitha kubweretsa kugwa kwachuma komanso chikhalidwe motsatizana. USA siyingapitilize kuthandizira mozungulira kapena mopanda phindu mitengo yotsika yamafuta pongowonjezera ngongole yadziko kosatha monga ndalama zothandizira.
Chowonadi chokhazikitsa misonkho kudzera pamafuta sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu amodzi, koma posakhalitsa anthu wamba aku America adzafunika kukumana ndi mavuto, mafuta. Mafuta awo ndiotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo mwachindunji komanso m'njira zina ambiri aife tikulipira.
mitengo ya mafutaukUSA
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Amerika Akuyendetsa Pang'ono Pang'ono Ndi Kupita Kochepa, Kodi Potsiriza Ali Paulendo Wopita Kulikonse?
Feb 21 • Ndemanga za Msika • 5759 Views • Comments Off pa Achimereka Akuyendetsa Pang'ono Ndipo Akuwuluka Pang'ono, Kodi Pomaliza Ali Panjira Yopita Kwina?
"Kodi bukulo linali labwino kuposa kanema?" ndiye funso lomwe limakonda kubwerezedwa pomwe buku logulitsa kwambiri limamasuliridwa pazenera lalikulu. Anadandaula kuti filimuyo ndiyabwino kwambiri kuposa bukulo, komabe, filimuyo ndiyabwino kwambiri. Ndayiwonanso posachedwa ndipo ngati pali mawu ochepa ndiye kuti amalembedwa kwambiri ndipo ndi mawu amodzi; "America".
The Road ndi buku la 2006 lolembedwa ndi wolemba waku America Cormac McCarthy. Ndi nkhani yapa-apocalyptic yapaulendo wa abambo ndi mwana wawo wamwamuna wachichepere kwa miyezi ingapo, kudutsa malo owonongedwa ndi ngozi yosadziwika yomwe yawononga chitukuko komanso pafupifupi zamoyo zonse Padziko Lapansi.
Abambo omwe sanatchulidwepo dzina limodzi ndi mwana wawo wamwamuna wachichepere adadutsa malo owopsa atatha kuwonongeka, patadutsa zaka zingapo tsoka lalikulu lomwe silinafotokozeredwe lawononga chitukuko ndi miyoyo yambiri padziko lapansi. Dzikoli ladzaza ndi phulusa komanso lopanda nyama zamoyo komanso zomera. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe atsala omwe apulumuka ayamba kudya anzawo, kufunafuna kuwonongeka kwa mzinda ndi dziko mofananamo kuti akhale nyama. Amayi a mnyamatayo, omwe anali ndi pakati pa iwo panthawi yangoziyo, adataya chiyembekezo ndipo adadzipha nthawi yayitali nkhani isanayambike, ngakhale abambo ake adampempha. Zambiri mwa bukuli zidalembedwa mwa munthu wachitatu, ndikutchula "bambo" ndi "mwana" kapena "mamuna" ndi "mnyamatayo".
Pozindikira kuti sangapulumuke nyengo yachisanu yomwe ikubwera komwe iwo ali, bambowo amatenga mnyamatayo kumwera m'misewu yopanda kanthu kulowera kunyanja, atanyamula katundu wawo wochepa m'matumba awo komanso m'galimoto yayikulu. Bamboyo amatsokomola magazi nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo pamapeto pake amazindikira kuti akumwalira, komabe amavutikirabe kuteteza mwana wake ku ziwopsezo zomwe zimamuwopseza, kuwonekera, ndi kusowa chakudya ...
Woyang'anira zachilengedwe waku Britain a George Monbiot adachita chidwi ndi The Road kotero adalengeza kuti McCarthy ndi m'modzi mwa "anthu 50 omwe angapulumutse dziko lapansi" munkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa mu Januware 2008. Monbiot adalemba;
Likhoza kukhala buku lofunika kwambiri lachilengedwe kuposa kale lonse. Ndimayeso oyesa kuganiza omwe amaganiza za dziko lopanda chilengedwe, ndikuwonetsa kuti chilichonse chomwe timayang'ana chimadalira chilengedwe.
Kusankhidwa uku kukugwirizana ndi zomwe a Monbiot adalemba miyezi ingapo m'mbuyomu The Guardian momwe adalemba;
Masabata angapo apitawa ndinawerenga zomwe ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi buku lofunika kwambiri lachilengedwe lomwe lidalembedwapo. Si Kasupe Wakachetechete, Wamng'ono Ndi Wokongola kapenanso Walden. Mulibe ma graph, mulibe matebulo, mulibe zowona, ziwerengero, machenjezo, kuneneratu kapena zotsutsana. Komanso sichikhala ndi chiganizo chimodzi chokhwima, chomwe, chomvetsa chisoni, chimachisiyanitsa ndi zolemba zambiri zachilengedwe. Ndi buku, lomwe lidasindikizidwa koyamba chaka chatha, ndipo lisintha momwe mumaonera dziko lapansi.
Mawu awiri; "Zotsalira za kaboni" zasowa mu lexicon ndi zeitgeist pazokambirana tsiku ndi tsiku pazaka zaposachedwa. Mwina mawuwa amatengedwa ngati 'anti-thesis' pakukula, chifukwa chake mawu awiriwa amafunika kutengera zachuma 101. Simungakhale ndi kukula popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, chifukwa chake mawu awiriwa adawonedwa ngati "ayi ayi" . Ndipo m'dziko lomwe limakhulupirira Bigfoot kuposa zotsalira za kaboni kusachita chidwi ndi njira zopezera mafuta sizodabwitsa.
Nzika zaku USA sadziwa kuti adabadwa mukamaganizira zomwe amalipira petulo (gasi) poyerekeza ndi abale awo aku Europe. Mantha akugwira ku USA kuti mtengo wamafuta ungakwere mpaka $ 4 pa galoni .. "nanga, ukunyoza ine, galoni, akuwopa kuti petulo ali pa malita anayi?"
Madola anayi amagula pafupifupi mapaundi awiri ndi theka. Ma metric ovutawo ndi malita 4.5 kufika pa galoni, ku UK mtengo wa lita imodzi yopanda mipando ikuyandikira kwambiri ma peni 140, chifukwa chake tiyeni "tichite masamu" momwe amakonda kunenera 'uko'.
'Galoni' wamafuta ku UK atha kulipira mapeni a 630. Ngati abale athu aku USA amalipira ndalama zofanana ndi nzika zaku UK za mafuta okwana galoni akanakhala kuti amalipira pafupifupi $ 9.95..ouch ...
Tsopano iyi si nkhani yosinkhasinkha pazifukwa zakusokonekera kwamitengo kotere chifukwa cha yankho lowoneka bwino ndi misonkho. Chipani chilichonse ku USA chomwe chimagawira anthu mphamvu nthawi ndi nthawi ponamizira kuti ndi demokalase, sadzapereka msonkho wowonjezera kapena misonkho yachindunji poyerekeza ndi aku Europe pamafuta apanyumba kapena ogulitsa mafakitale. Sikuti kudzipha pazandale kungadzichitikire nthawi yomweyo. Nkhani iyi siyikufunsa funso lodziwikiratu kuti chifukwa chiyani kukhumba kosakhutira ndi ludzu la mafuta ku USA zitha kuyitengera kumayiko akunja mpaka pomwe mafuta omaliza ndi 'kasitomala' akuti, pali mbali ina yosangalatsa kwambiri pamtengo wamafuta ndi USA yomwe olemba ndemanga ambiri pamsika amalephera kunena. Ngakhale aku America amakhala ndi misonkho yotsika, ngakhale anthu aku America amalipira pafupifupi theka la mtengo waku Europe wamafuta, ngakhale malipiro awo apakati ndi amodzi mwa okwera kwambiri mmaiko otukuka, sangakwanitse kupeza mafuta oti aziyendetsa, ali pa m'mphepete ..
Kodi mitengo ya 'gasi' ikupangitsa anthu aku America kuti aganizirenso za chikondi chawo poyendetsa galimoto?
Malinga ndi Federal Highway Administration ya US department of Transportation, aku America akuyendetsa pang'ono. Adayendetsa ma 38.3 biliyoni ochepa mu 2011 kuposa 2010, kutsika kwa 1.4%. Kusinthaku sikunali kodabwitsa kwenikweni kumpoto chakumpoto kwa US, kuphatikiza Ohio, komwe kunatsika ndi 0.7% mpaka 53.6 biliyoni.
Gas Buddy, tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe limayang'anira mitengo yamafuta ndi zina zokhudzana nazo, adati mu blog Lolemba kuti izi ndi zina mwazomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira pomwe mitengo yamafuta idagunda $ 4 pa galoni mu 2008.
Mitengo yamafuta a WTI idutsa $ 100 pa mbiya ndipo "Business Insider" inanena kuti "ena ofufuza zamafuta amalosera $ 4.50 galoni kapena kupitilira tsiku la Chikumbutso ku West Coast ndi mizinda ikuluikulu ku United States monga Chicago, New York ndi Atlanta. ”
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhudza mitengo yamafuta, popeza Great Recession America ikuyendetsa pang'ono chifukwa cha ulova kapena kuwopa kutaya ntchito, aku America omwe akadafunabe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe amapeza movutikira akukwera pampando patsogolo pa makompyuta awo m'malo mongoyenda kuseri kwa gudumu lagalimoto yawo akuti "The Wall Street Journal," monga ziwerengero zamalonda e-commerce zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa 16% kwa kugulitsa pa intaneti m'gawo lachinayi la 2011.
Mu February 2010 anthu aku America anali kulipira $ 2.50 pa galoni, pofika Meyi chaka chatha mitengo yamafuta idakwera mpaka $ 4.01 pa galoni. Anthu aku America adayamba kuchepetsa kuyendetsa kwawo ndipo msika udayankha. Mitengo yamafuta idatsika pang'onopang'ono kuyambira pomwe idafika pamagulu anayi ndipo pofika tsiku loyamba la 2012 mitengo inali itatsika mpaka $ 3.10. Tsopano mitengo ikupita kumtunda, pafupifupi mtengo wamafuta ku Atlanta (malinga ndi GasBuddy.com) pa $ 3.56.
Mtengo wapakati wamafuta wamba ku California wakwera kupitirira $ 4 pa galoni, ndikuyembekeza kudzapeza mitengo yokwera kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwaposachedwa mdziko lonse komanso mdziko lonse lapansi kungapweteketse ogula, komanso chuma chambiri.
Kugunda Njira
Onse aku America 'wamba' aku America akufotokoza momwe moyo watsiku ndi tsiku uliri wotsika mtengo, ndipo pagulu lanthu ngongole zanyumba zokhala ndi zaka makumi atatu zili pafupifupi 3% ndipo malipiro apakatikati a circa $ 40,000 ndiokwera kwambiri kuposa Europe. Ngati mtengo uphwanya $ 4 dollars pa galoni kachiwiri ndikukhalabe pamwamba pokana nthawi yayitali ndiye kuti chikondi chokhazikika cha aku America poyendetsa galimoto chitha kuyesedwa kwambiri. Ili mdziko lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti mayendedwe achangu achangu amafika mochedwa ndipo zitha kukhala zadzidzidzi, chochitika positi pambuyo poganiza.
Pomwe buku la The Road likulongosola za tsogolo lopanda tanthauzo ku America kutengera zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuchitika kuthekera kwakuti mwina USA ikhoza kukhala itayamba kale kuchita izi. Petroli pa $ 5 ndiye rubicon kwa anthu ambiri aku America, petulo pafupifupi $ 10 (ofanana ku Europe) zitha kubweretsa kugwa kwachuma komanso chikhalidwe motsatizana. USA siyingapitilize kuthandizira mozungulira kapena mopanda phindu mitengo yotsika yamafuta pongowonjezera ngongole yadziko kosatha monga ndalama zothandizira.
Chowonadi chokhazikitsa misonkho kudzera pamafuta sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu amodzi, koma posakhalitsa anthu wamba aku America adzafunika kukumana ndi mavuto, mafuta. Mafuta awo ndiotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo mwachindunji komanso m'njira zina ambiri aife tikulipira.
mitengo ya mafutaukUSA
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