UFebhu 16 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-4561 • Amazwana Off ku-Argentina 1 Banking System 0
I-Argentina 1 Banking System 0. Ingabe Siyathanjiswa Ukuze Sidakwe Nokungahlelekile KwesiGreki?
Kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyathusa ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo ukubuka imizwa ephithizelayo embukisweni njengoba sifinyelela emdlalweni wokugcina weGreece futhi kumane kuwukuphela komdlalo, hhayi ukuphela kwezinsuku. Mhlawumbe i-Greece imane idlalwa ngayo njengendawo yokuhlolwa kwelebhu yokuhlola okupheleleyo okukhulu okuyi-Eurozone kanye nemali eyabiwe. Mhlawumbe kusukela kulokhu kuhlolwa amandla ezombusazwe kanye namabhange ase-Europe azokwazi ukunquma uhlelo lwamanye amalungu akha izinombolo ze-PIIGS engaziwa futhi engathandeki. Okuqinisekile ukuthi sesiphelelwe izingathekiso ezihlekisayo "ukukhahlela ikani emgwaqeni" manje.
Uma usuyenzile “ikani eligayiwe, eligqwalile, livaleleke ekugcineni kwe-cul de sac” incazelo uyazi ukuthi uphelelwe izinhlamvu ezingokomfanekiso, njengoba i-troika, i-Eurogroup kanye nosopolitiki baseGreece bebonakala bephelelwe amaqhinga okulibazisa, noma izaba...
Masingabi ngaphansi kokukhohliswa ukuthi i-default yaseGreece izoba ipikiniki, izolingana nesihogo sezomnotho iminyaka, nokho, lokho kucabanga ukuthi ukuhlala e-euro nokubambelela okunjalo okusetshenziswe yi-troika kanye nababolekisi abazimele kungaba ngcono. Izinyathelo ezibekwe kusukela ngo-2010/2011 sezidale umonakalo omkhulu kwezomnotho ezweni futhi lezi zinyathelo, ukuze iGreece futhi ngokungaqondile ababolekisi bakhululwe, bekuyinguqulo 'elula'. Izinguqulo ezimbili nezintathu, (inguqulo yesibili ingeyakamuva), izoba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Kodwa ingabe singabheka ngale kwesimo samanje futhi sibone ithemba eliqhakazile ngeGreece, ingabe sinezibonelo zeminotho emikhulu ezenzakalelayo futhi 'ibuya' kwabafileyo? Yebo siyakwenza futhi akumangazi ukuthi lezi zibonelo azixoxwa. "Masinganikezi abantu abancane umbono wokuthi kunokukhanya ekugcineni komhubhe, sibenze basayine isiphetho sabo egazini.."
Kungathatha isikhala esiningi kakhulu kulokhu kungena kwebhulogi ukuze kuxoxwe nge-Argentina ne-Indonesia, okuzenzakalelayo kwazo kanye nokululama ngokushesha, kodwa njengezibonelo ezimbili zamuva nje kufakazela ukuthi kukhona ukuphila ngemva kokuzenzakalela. Sizoletha i-précis emfushane nge-Argentina ngokugcizelela ngokukhethekile ukufana nokwehluka kwezinombolo…
Kunomehluko osobala, i-Argentina 'yazenzakalela' esikhathini esisuka ku-1999-2002, intuthuko enkulu yomhlaba wonke eyaba ngemva kwalokho kwaba igagasi elaphakamisa yonke imikhumbi. I-Argentina yayinomthetho wezempi, yayibhekene ne-hyper-inflation ngeminyaka yawo-1990, nokho ukusuka phezulu kuya emthelela wokungaphumeleli kwathatha iminyaka emithathu. Izakhamizi eziningi zaseGreece zingaphakamisa ukuthi umnotho wazo usuneminyaka emihlanu usesimweni sokuwohloka komnotho futhi akukho sikhathi esingabekwa ebunzimeni obuphakathi kwezizukulwane amaGreki angahlupheka ngenxa yokuhlala ku-Eurozone ngaphansi kwezimo ezishiwo njengamanje.
Nakuba kwake kwaba yintandokazi yamabhange okutshalwa kwezimali kanye ne-International Monetary Fund, ngo-2001 i-Argentina yabhekana nokuwohloka komnotho okude okwaphetha ngokuthi uhulumeni amise ukukhokhelwa kwezikweletu kubabolekisi bakhe abazimele; ukwehluleka kwesikweletu sikahulumeni esingaba ngu-$95 billion, okuyisikweletu esikhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni.
Izinga lokushintshisana elibaluleke kakhulu kanye nenani eliningi lesikweletu sangaphandle kwakuyizimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko zenkinga yase-Argentina. Ukungalingani kwezohwebo okubangelwa imali yakuleli ebizayo kwenze ukuthi izwe lingakwazi ukuthola izimali zangaphandle ezidingekayo ukuze likhokhe inzalo esikweletini salo sangaphandle. I-Argentina kwadingeka iqhubeke nokuboleka ukuze ikhokhe inzalo, isikweletu sakhula saba sikhulu, safinyelela ku-50% we-GDP ngasekupheleni kuka-2001. I-Argentina ayikwazanga ukuboleka ukuze ihlangabezane nezibopho zayo, uhulumeni wehluleka futhi wehlisa inani le-peso, washiya ukulingana kwawo kwangaphambili nedola laseMelika ngo. January 2002. Lesi sinyathelo savala i-Argentina ngaphandle kwezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe okwenza ukubambezeleka kokutshalwa kwezimali ezweni, njengoba abantu abaningi abakweletayo bamangalela uhulumeni ezinkantolo. Ekugcineni, uhulumeni wenza isivumelwano ngo-2005 sokubuyisela cishe u-75% wabanezikweletu ngenani elehliswe kakhulu lika-30%.
NgoJuni 2010, i-Argentina yazama ukuhlela kabusha lokho okusele esikweletini ngezimo ezifanayo nezango-2005. Lokhu kushintshaniswa kwezikweletu kube nezinga lokubamba iqhaza elilinganiselwa ku-70%, okungezelelwe ekuhlelweni kabusha kwangaphambilini, okuholele ezingeni eliphelele lama-90%. . Ukuze ikwazi ukufinyelela ngokuphelele ezimakethe zezimali zomhlaba wonke, i-Argentina idinga ukukhokha isikweletu sayo esisilele namazwe e-Paris Club cishe amabhiliyoni ama-US$7.5. NgoNovemba 15, uMongameli Fernandez umemezele ukuthi uhulumeni wase-Argentina kanye neParis Club bafinyelele isivumelwano sokuqala ukuxoxisana kabusha ngesikweletu, ngaphansi kombandela ohlongozwa yi-Argentina futhi wamukelwa yiParis Club ukuthi ngeke kube khona ukulamula noma ukuba khona kwe-IMF. ohlelweni.
Kafushane ukwehluleka kwe-Argentina, ngemva kwenhlekelele enkulu yezomnotho, kwabangela iziyaluyalu emphakathini futhi kwaqala ukusebenza emabhange. Inikeze abakweletwayo umnikelo wokuthatha-noma-noma-ushiye wamasenti angama-35 ngedola. Bacabange lokhu kubhuqa: phambilini, amazwe angamahlongandlebe ayekhokha amasenti angama-50-60. Kodwa uhulumeni wema waqina futhi cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabanikazi bamabhondi babamba iqhaza ekuhwebeni kwezikweletu ngo-2005. Abaningi bajoyina ngo-2010, okwenza isamba saba ngu-93%.
Umnotho wase-Argentina ungowesithathu ngobukhulu e-Latin America, onekhwalithi ephezulu yokuphila kanye ne-GDP yomuntu ngamunye. Umnotho ophezulu weholo elimaphakathi, i-Argentina inesisekelo esiqinile sokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo ngosayizi wemakethe yayo, amazinga otshalomali oluqondile lwangaphandle, kanye namaphesenti okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengesabelo sesamba sempahla ekhiqiziwe. Izwe liyazuza emithonjeni yemvelo enothile, isibalo sabantu abafundile kakhulu, umkhakha wezolimo ogxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe kanye nezizinda ezihlukene.
- I-GDP $435.2 billion (ngokuvamile, 2011)
- $710.7 billion (PPP) (21st, 2011)
- Ukukhula kwe-GDP ngo-9.2% (2011)
- I-GDP ngomuntu ngamunye $10,640 (ngokuvamile, 2011)
- $17,376 (PPP) (51st, 2011)
Market Sibutsetelo
Amasheya awile, i-euro yaba buthaka usuku lwesihlanu futhi izimpahla zehla njengoba abaholi base-Europe behlala behlukene phakathi mayelana nokuhlenga amaGreki kanti i-Moody's Investors Service ithe ingase yehlise amabhange omhlaba. Izindleko zokuqinisekisa isikweletu sikahulumeni ngokumelene nesikweletu sikhuphuke safinyelela phezulu ngenyanga eyodwa.
I-MSCI All-Country World Index yehle ngamaphesenti angu-0.7 ngo-10:05 ekuseni eLondon. I-Stoxx Europe 600 Index yehle ngamaphesenti angu-0.8, iholwa amabhange, kwathi ikusasa le-Standard & Poor's 500 Index lalahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angu-0.4. I-euro yenqabe yaba ngaphansi kuka-$1.30 ngokokuqala ngqa kusukela ngomhla ka-Jan. 25 kanye namabhondi ase-Spanish weminyaka eyi-10 ehle ngosuku lwesithathu, okuthumele isivuno samaphuzu ayi-11 ngaphezulu.
I-Societe Generale SA icwile ngamaphesenti angu-3.4 eParis ngemuva kokuthi ibhange lesibili ngobukhulu eFrance lithe inzuzo yekota yesine yehle ngamaphesenti angu-89 njengoba ibhange lokutshala izimali lilahlekelwe okokuqala eminyakeni emibili.
Isifinyezo semakethe ngo-11: 00 ekuseni GMT (isikhathi sase-UK)
Izimakethe zase-Asia Pacific zibe nokuwa okuncane esimisweni sasekuseni sasebusuku, i-Nikkei ivale ngo-0.24%, i-Hang Seng ivale ngo-0.41%, i-CSI ivale ngo-0.53% kwathi i-ASX 200 yehla ngo-1.68%. I-European bourse indices yehle ngeseshini yasekuseni. I-STOXX 50 iphansi ngo-0.89%, i-FTSE iphansi ngo-0.59%, i-CAC iphansi ngo-0.41% kanti i-DAX iphansi ngo-0.94%. I-ASX yehle ngo-1.94%. I-ICE Brent crude yehle ngo-$0.03 umphongolo kuyilapho igolide le-Comex lehla ngo-$9.10 iounce. Ikusasa lenkomba ye-SPX yehle ngo-0.35%.
Currency Spot Lite
I-euro yehle yaba ngaphansi kwamasonto amathathu uma iqhathaniswa nedola njengoba abaholi base-Europe behlukene phakathi mayelana nokuhlenga iGreece. Imali yamazwe angu-17 yehle ngosuku lwesihlanu uma iqhathaniswa ne-greenback ngaphambi kokuba abaholi baseJalimane nabase-Italy bahlangane kusasa ngaphambi komhlangano wongqongqoshe bezezimali ngesonto elizayo ukuze banqume iphakethe lesibili lokutakulwa kweGreece. Idola likhuphuke ngemuva kokuthi i-Moody's Investors Service ithe ibuyekeza amabhange okuhlanganisa i-UBS AG ne-Credit Suisse Group AG ukuze ehliselwe phansi.
I-euro yehle ngamaphesenti angu-0.5 kuya ku-$1.2998 ngo-9:11 ekuseni eLondon ngemva kokuslayida ku-$1.2983, izinga eliphansi kakhulu kusukela ngo-Jan. 25. Imali evamile yenza buthaka amaphesenti angu-0.1 kuya ku-102.40 yen. Idola lithole amaphesenti angu-0.5 kuya ku-78.78 yen.
isiGreeceuhlelo lokuhlenga lwamaGreki
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I-Argentina 1 Uhlelo Lokubhanga 0
UFebhu 16 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-4561 • Amazwana Off ku-Argentina 1 Banking System 0
I-Argentina 1 Banking System 0. Ingabe Siyathanjiswa Ukuze Sidakwe Nokungahlelekile KwesiGreki?
Kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyathusa ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo ukubuka imizwa ephithizelayo embukisweni njengoba sifinyelela emdlalweni wokugcina weGreece futhi kumane kuwukuphela komdlalo, hhayi ukuphela kwezinsuku. Mhlawumbe i-Greece imane idlalwa ngayo njengendawo yokuhlolwa kwelebhu yokuhlola okupheleleyo okukhulu okuyi-Eurozone kanye nemali eyabiwe. Mhlawumbe kusukela kulokhu kuhlolwa amandla ezombusazwe kanye namabhange ase-Europe azokwazi ukunquma uhlelo lwamanye amalungu akha izinombolo ze-PIIGS engaziwa futhi engathandeki. Okuqinisekile ukuthi sesiphelelwe izingathekiso ezihlekisayo "ukukhahlela ikani emgwaqeni" manje.
Uma usuyenzile “ikani eligayiwe, eligqwalile, livaleleke ekugcineni kwe-cul de sac” incazelo uyazi ukuthi uphelelwe izinhlamvu ezingokomfanekiso, njengoba i-troika, i-Eurogroup kanye nosopolitiki baseGreece bebonakala bephelelwe amaqhinga okulibazisa, noma izaba...
Masingabi ngaphansi kokukhohliswa ukuthi i-default yaseGreece izoba ipikiniki, izolingana nesihogo sezomnotho iminyaka, nokho, lokho kucabanga ukuthi ukuhlala e-euro nokubambelela okunjalo okusetshenziswe yi-troika kanye nababolekisi abazimele kungaba ngcono. Izinyathelo ezibekwe kusukela ngo-2010/2011 sezidale umonakalo omkhulu kwezomnotho ezweni futhi lezi zinyathelo, ukuze iGreece futhi ngokungaqondile ababolekisi bakhululwe, bekuyinguqulo 'elula'. Izinguqulo ezimbili nezintathu, (inguqulo yesibili ingeyakamuva), izoba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Kodwa ingabe singabheka ngale kwesimo samanje futhi sibone ithemba eliqhakazile ngeGreece, ingabe sinezibonelo zeminotho emikhulu ezenzakalelayo futhi 'ibuya' kwabafileyo? Yebo siyakwenza futhi akumangazi ukuthi lezi zibonelo azixoxwa. "Masinganikezi abantu abancane umbono wokuthi kunokukhanya ekugcineni komhubhe, sibenze basayine isiphetho sabo egazini.."
Kungathatha isikhala esiningi kakhulu kulokhu kungena kwebhulogi ukuze kuxoxwe nge-Argentina ne-Indonesia, okuzenzakalelayo kwazo kanye nokululama ngokushesha, kodwa njengezibonelo ezimbili zamuva nje kufakazela ukuthi kukhona ukuphila ngemva kokuzenzakalela. Sizoletha i-précis emfushane nge-Argentina ngokugcizelela ngokukhethekile ukufana nokwehluka kwezinombolo…
Kunomehluko osobala, i-Argentina 'yazenzakalela' esikhathini esisuka ku-1999-2002, intuthuko enkulu yomhlaba wonke eyaba ngemva kwalokho kwaba igagasi elaphakamisa yonke imikhumbi. I-Argentina yayinomthetho wezempi, yayibhekene ne-hyper-inflation ngeminyaka yawo-1990, nokho ukusuka phezulu kuya emthelela wokungaphumeleli kwathatha iminyaka emithathu. Izakhamizi eziningi zaseGreece zingaphakamisa ukuthi umnotho wazo usuneminyaka emihlanu usesimweni sokuwohloka komnotho futhi akukho sikhathi esingabekwa ebunzimeni obuphakathi kwezizukulwane amaGreki angahlupheka ngenxa yokuhlala ku-Eurozone ngaphansi kwezimo ezishiwo njengamanje.
Nakuba kwake kwaba yintandokazi yamabhange okutshalwa kwezimali kanye ne-International Monetary Fund, ngo-2001 i-Argentina yabhekana nokuwohloka komnotho okude okwaphetha ngokuthi uhulumeni amise ukukhokhelwa kwezikweletu kubabolekisi bakhe abazimele; ukwehluleka kwesikweletu sikahulumeni esingaba ngu-$95 billion, okuyisikweletu esikhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni.
Izinga lokushintshisana elibaluleke kakhulu kanye nenani eliningi lesikweletu sangaphandle kwakuyizimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko zenkinga yase-Argentina. Ukungalingani kwezohwebo okubangelwa imali yakuleli ebizayo kwenze ukuthi izwe lingakwazi ukuthola izimali zangaphandle ezidingekayo ukuze likhokhe inzalo esikweletini salo sangaphandle. I-Argentina kwadingeka iqhubeke nokuboleka ukuze ikhokhe inzalo, isikweletu sakhula saba sikhulu, safinyelela ku-50% we-GDP ngasekupheleni kuka-2001. I-Argentina ayikwazanga ukuboleka ukuze ihlangabezane nezibopho zayo, uhulumeni wehluleka futhi wehlisa inani le-peso, washiya ukulingana kwawo kwangaphambili nedola laseMelika ngo. January 2002. Lesi sinyathelo savala i-Argentina ngaphandle kwezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe okwenza ukubambezeleka kokutshalwa kwezimali ezweni, njengoba abantu abaningi abakweletayo bamangalela uhulumeni ezinkantolo. Ekugcineni, uhulumeni wenza isivumelwano ngo-2005 sokubuyisela cishe u-75% wabanezikweletu ngenani elehliswe kakhulu lika-30%.
NgoJuni 2010, i-Argentina yazama ukuhlela kabusha lokho okusele esikweletini ngezimo ezifanayo nezango-2005. Lokhu kushintshaniswa kwezikweletu kube nezinga lokubamba iqhaza elilinganiselwa ku-70%, okungezelelwe ekuhlelweni kabusha kwangaphambilini, okuholele ezingeni eliphelele lama-90%. . Ukuze ikwazi ukufinyelela ngokuphelele ezimakethe zezimali zomhlaba wonke, i-Argentina idinga ukukhokha isikweletu sayo esisilele namazwe e-Paris Club cishe amabhiliyoni ama-US$7.5. NgoNovemba 15, uMongameli Fernandez umemezele ukuthi uhulumeni wase-Argentina kanye neParis Club bafinyelele isivumelwano sokuqala ukuxoxisana kabusha ngesikweletu, ngaphansi kombandela ohlongozwa yi-Argentina futhi wamukelwa yiParis Club ukuthi ngeke kube khona ukulamula noma ukuba khona kwe-IMF. ohlelweni.
Kafushane ukwehluleka kwe-Argentina, ngemva kwenhlekelele enkulu yezomnotho, kwabangela iziyaluyalu emphakathini futhi kwaqala ukusebenza emabhange. Inikeze abakweletwayo umnikelo wokuthatha-noma-noma-ushiye wamasenti angama-35 ngedola. Bacabange lokhu kubhuqa: phambilini, amazwe angamahlongandlebe ayekhokha amasenti angama-50-60. Kodwa uhulumeni wema waqina futhi cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabanikazi bamabhondi babamba iqhaza ekuhwebeni kwezikweletu ngo-2005. Abaningi bajoyina ngo-2010, okwenza isamba saba ngu-93%.
Umnotho wase-Argentina ungowesithathu ngobukhulu e-Latin America, onekhwalithi ephezulu yokuphila kanye ne-GDP yomuntu ngamunye. Umnotho ophezulu weholo elimaphakathi, i-Argentina inesisekelo esiqinile sokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo ngosayizi wemakethe yayo, amazinga otshalomali oluqondile lwangaphandle, kanye namaphesenti okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengesabelo sesamba sempahla ekhiqiziwe. Izwe liyazuza emithonjeni yemvelo enothile, isibalo sabantu abafundile kakhulu, umkhakha wezolimo ogxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe kanye nezizinda ezihlukene.
Market Sibutsetelo
Amasheya awile, i-euro yaba buthaka usuku lwesihlanu futhi izimpahla zehla njengoba abaholi base-Europe behlala behlukene phakathi mayelana nokuhlenga amaGreki kanti i-Moody's Investors Service ithe ingase yehlise amabhange omhlaba. Izindleko zokuqinisekisa isikweletu sikahulumeni ngokumelene nesikweletu sikhuphuke safinyelela phezulu ngenyanga eyodwa.
I-MSCI All-Country World Index yehle ngamaphesenti angu-0.7 ngo-10:05 ekuseni eLondon. I-Stoxx Europe 600 Index yehle ngamaphesenti angu-0.8, iholwa amabhange, kwathi ikusasa le-Standard & Poor's 500 Index lalahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angu-0.4. I-euro yenqabe yaba ngaphansi kuka-$1.30 ngokokuqala ngqa kusukela ngomhla ka-Jan. 25 kanye namabhondi ase-Spanish weminyaka eyi-10 ehle ngosuku lwesithathu, okuthumele isivuno samaphuzu ayi-11 ngaphezulu.
I-Societe Generale SA icwile ngamaphesenti angu-3.4 eParis ngemuva kokuthi ibhange lesibili ngobukhulu eFrance lithe inzuzo yekota yesine yehle ngamaphesenti angu-89 njengoba ibhange lokutshala izimali lilahlekelwe okokuqala eminyakeni emibili.
Isifinyezo semakethe ngo-11: 00 ekuseni GMT (isikhathi sase-UK)
Izimakethe zase-Asia Pacific zibe nokuwa okuncane esimisweni sasekuseni sasebusuku, i-Nikkei ivale ngo-0.24%, i-Hang Seng ivale ngo-0.41%, i-CSI ivale ngo-0.53% kwathi i-ASX 200 yehla ngo-1.68%. I-European bourse indices yehle ngeseshini yasekuseni. I-STOXX 50 iphansi ngo-0.89%, i-FTSE iphansi ngo-0.59%, i-CAC iphansi ngo-0.41% kanti i-DAX iphansi ngo-0.94%. I-ASX yehle ngo-1.94%. I-ICE Brent crude yehle ngo-$0.03 umphongolo kuyilapho igolide le-Comex lehla ngo-$9.10 iounce. Ikusasa lenkomba ye-SPX yehle ngo-0.35%.
Currency Spot Lite
I-euro yehle yaba ngaphansi kwamasonto amathathu uma iqhathaniswa nedola njengoba abaholi base-Europe behlukene phakathi mayelana nokuhlenga iGreece. Imali yamazwe angu-17 yehle ngosuku lwesihlanu uma iqhathaniswa ne-greenback ngaphambi kokuba abaholi baseJalimane nabase-Italy bahlangane kusasa ngaphambi komhlangano wongqongqoshe bezezimali ngesonto elizayo ukuze banqume iphakethe lesibili lokutakulwa kweGreece. Idola likhuphuke ngemuva kokuthi i-Moody's Investors Service ithe ibuyekeza amabhange okuhlanganisa i-UBS AG ne-Credit Suisse Group AG ukuze ehliselwe phansi.
I-euro yehle ngamaphesenti angu-0.5 kuya ku-$1.2998 ngo-9:11 ekuseni eLondon ngemva kokuslayida ku-$1.2983, izinga eliphansi kakhulu kusukela ngo-Jan. 25. Imali evamile yenza buthaka amaphesenti angu-0.1 kuya ku-102.40 yen. Idola lithole amaphesenti angu-0.5 kuya ku-78.78 yen.
isiGreeceuhlelo lokuhlenga lwamaGreki
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