Ukurhweba okunenzuzo kwiiRhafu zoRhwebo eziHlangeneyo
Uninzi lwamazinga otshintshiselwano lwemali kwihlabathi aphantsi kolawulo lokutshintsha kwemali apho imikhosi yentengiso ivunyelweyo ukumisela ixabiso lazo ngokuya kwezinye iimali. Phakathi kwezinto eziphambili ezichaphazela amaxabiso otshintshiselwano phantsi kwale nkqubo kutyalo-mali kunye nokuhamba korhwebo. Nangona kunjalo, ibhanki ephambili ingakhetha ukungenelela kwiimarike ukuba ixabiso lemali ngokukhawuleza linyuka ngexesha elifutshane elinokusongela ukukhula koqoqosho. Eyona ndlela iphambili yokungenelela kwebhanki enkulu kukuthengisa imali yokubamba ukuzinzisa ixabiso lemali.
Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izizwe ezivumela amaxabiso otshintshiselwano lwemali ukuba ahambe. Ngamanye amaxesha ilizwe linokukhetha ukuba nenqanaba lemali eliqingqiweyo elixhonywe kolunye uhlobo lwemali. Umzekelo, iHong Kong iye yaxhonkxa imali yayo kwiDola yaseMelika ukusukela nge1982 kwinqanaba elimalunga ne-HK $ 7.8 ukuya kwi-US $ 1. Isikhonkwane sedola yaseMelika, njengoko inqanaba elimiselweyo laziwa ngokusesikweni, incede umhlaba ozimeleyo ukuba usinde kwingxaki yezemali yaseAsia kunye nengozi ye2008 yebhanki yotyalo mali yeLehman Brothers. Kwiinkqubo zotshintshiselwano ezingatshintshiyo, ekuphela kwendlela elinokuthi litshintshe ngayo inqanaba kukuba ngaba ibhanki engundoqo ikhetha ngabom ukuyihlisa ixabiso.
Kuyenzeka ukuba umrhwebi enze urhwebo olunenzuzo phantsi kweerhafu zotshintshiselwano lwemali emiselweyo ukuba kukho imeko kaxakeka eyenza ukuba ibhanki esembindini ithobe ixabiso lemali yayo. Kodwa kuya kufuna ukuba babenolwazi oluninzi. Umzekelo, kuba bayayinqumlela imali, kufuneka bayazi imali egcinwe yibhanki esembindini, kuba oku kuya kubaxelela ukuba ibhanki inokuthi ibambe ixesha elingakanani ngaphambi kokuba inyanzeliswe. Kukwakho nelokuba ilizwe lizakukhutshwa ngebheyile ngabamelwane balo okanye yimibutho efana ne-International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Kwezinye iimeko, nangona kunjalo, ibhanki ephambili inokukhetha ngamabomu ukuthotywa kwemali yabo, kwimeko apho umrhwebi wemali enokwenza urhwebo olunenzuzo. Nangona kunjalo, zimbini iingxaki ezinokuthintela umrhwebi ekwenzeni ingeniso: ukuhla okunokulinganiselwa kwemali emfutshane kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayifumane, eya kuthi inciphise inzuzo ezinokubakho kunye nenani elincinci labathengisi be-forex abajongana nemali ezinzileyo. Ukongeza, umrhwebi kuya kufuneka akhangele umrhwebi onikezela ngebhidi encinci-yokucela ukusasazeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba inzuzo ayizukutyiwa ziirhafu zabarhwebi.
Imali enye enamanani otshintshiselwano otshintshiselwano anokuthi athathe indawo kumrhwebi waseSaudi Riyal, obethelelwe kwidola yaseMelika. Oku kuqinisekisa uzinzo lwe-riyal, enceda ukulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, kunye nokuqinisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwala mazwe mabini. Ngamaxesha athile, nangona kunjalo, i-riyal iye itshintshe xa ithelekiswa nedola ekuphenduleni amarhe okuba isondele ekuchomeni isikhonkwane okanye ukuba ijoyine i-Gulf Economic Union kwaye ithathe indawo ye-riyal ngemali enye ye-bloc. Ezi ntshukumo zinika umrhwebi wesigulana ithuba lokwenza inzuzo ekhuselekileyo esebenzisa amandla aphezulu kunye nomngcipheko omncinci wokungazinzi.
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