Usuku olumnandi lukaLehman! Ngaba abaphathi bendalo iphela baphulukene nekryptonite, okanye iimabhule zabo nje?
Ngo-Okthobha u-5 ka-2010 kwabakho ukuvakala okuvakalayo kwigumbi lenkundla lase-France kwimbali yasePalais de Justice xa 'umrhwebi oligorha' uJérôme Kerviel wagwetywa ngokwaphula ukuthembana, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwekhompyuter kunye nomgunyathi. Umntu oneminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesithathu wafunyanwa enetyala kuzo zontathu izityholo kwaye wagwetywa iminyaka emihlanu ejele, iminyaka emibini yaxhonywa.
Yayingenguye 'ubungqongqo' besigwebo esatsala ukukhefuzela kunye nokuphefumla okubukhali, yayingumonakalo owabekwa kwi-4.9bl ye- $ eSociété Générale, esi yayisisixa esipheleleyo semali kwizicwangciso zakhe zokubheja eziyingozi ezazibiza abaqeshi bakhe bangaphambili EyoMqungu ka-2008. Ingcali yeekhompyuter eyazalelwa eBrittany yachazwa njengomntu othuleyo osebenzisa ubuchwephesha bakhe kunye nokuqonda kwentengiso ukuqhatha abaqeshi bakhe. Ukutyhila ibhanki kwimarike engafunyanwanga exabisa i-50 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ngaphezulu kwemali eyabelweyo iSociété Générale ngelo xesha.
Uhlobo olwahlukileyo lweendlela zakhe zokwenza inkohliso nenkohliso zachukunyiswa kuphela kukukhanya okuqaqambileyo, ukuhlala kupholile kunye nokuzola okukhohlisayo awayekwazi ukubonisa imihla ngemihla, utshilo umgwebi. Ekuboniseni inokuba kufanelekile ngakumbi ukuba i-gasp yathathelwa indawo yintsini, ngeli lixa ubukhulu bomvuzo wokomfuziselo wawungowokuzenzisa, ukuba umbono yayikukuthumela umyalezo ke kubani kwaye njani? Isigwebo esiyekelelayo nje sisodwa asizukuthintela.
Ngaphandle kwezenzo zakhe ibhanki kamva yaba yinxalenye yebhanti ye-ECB yokuphuma, ngaphandle kwemali eyabelweyo ngoku ime kwi-14 yezigidigidi kuphela zeerandi. Kungaphikiswa ukuba 'izaphuli-mthetho' ezilahlekelwe zii-circa ezingama-38 zexabiso lebhanki yazo kulo nyaka ziyingxubevange yomrhanelwa wabantu abangakwaziyo ukusebenza kunye nabangcungcuthekisi bomanyano lweebhanki kwaye ngoku samkele obu buzalwana buqinileyo buya kuhlala businda isohlwayo. Nangona kunjalo, abatyali mali abancinci, abaphathi bengxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi kunye nabadla umhlala-phantsi banokungayamkeli loo nto, ngokungathandabuzekiyo babeka ulawulo lwangoku lwe-SocGen kuqala emgceni wokudibana noMadame Guillotine phambi kukaJerôme Kerviel.
Uninzi lwabavakalisi banokuxolelwa ngokuphatha ngokukrokra izityholo eziye zavela ngale ntsasa zibonisa ukuba omnye umrhwebi okhohlakeleyo sele ebalekile ekugqibeleni ebangela ilahleko engagunyaziswanga ye-circa yezigidigidi ezi-2. Ngenxa yelahleko engachazwanga ye-UBS, eyona bhanki inkulu yaseSwitzerland, ngoku ingangabinangeniso kwikota yesithathu. Le yibhanki ekunyanzelekileyo ukuba inyuse isamba esingama-45 eebhiliyoni zeerandi kubatyali mali emva kokuba icandelo lebhanki yotyalo-mali lirekhodishe i-57.1 yezigidigidi zeerandi (i-65 yezigidigidi zeedola) kwilahleko eyandisiweyo ye-pretax kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya ku-2009. Kuyakubakho iminxeba engenakuphepheka yengalo yotyalo-mali yebhanki ngoku ncipha ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokusondeleyo.
Isimanga esibuhlungu kunye neziganeko ezenzekileyo kukuba obu buqhetseba kunye nelahleko bufikile kwisikhumbuzo sesithathu sokufakwa kukaLehman ngabasebenzi njengongenamali, oku ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuphakamisa amathandabuzo malunga nokuba luphelele kangakanani na ulawulo kunye nokuzithobela okubekiweyo ukusukela oko kugcinwa ebhankini Ukuwa ngo-2008-2009 kunjalo. Ngelixa i-Jérôme Kerviel 'isehlo' sinokuthi 'sixolelwe', kuba senzeke ekuphakameni kwengxaki yeebhanki, esi siganeko samva nje senzekile emva kwemigaqo ye-ofisi yangasemva kunye nokuthotyelwa kwayo ngoku bekucingelwa ukuba amanzi aqinile.
Esi siganeko siyakubaninzi kumajelo eendaba aqinisa iintlanti zabo ukubonisa ukuba akukho zifundo zifundwayo ukusukela ngo-2008 nokubuza umbuzo, "ukuba oku kungenzeka emva kuka-2008 ke zingaphi ezinye iibhanki ezinkulu zotyalo-mali ' Abarhwebi abalahla amagumbi abo okuthengisa kunye nemigangatho? " Ukucinga ukuba le 'miscreant' yamva nje kuphela kwesona siphoso phakathi kwamakhulu amawaka aqeshwe kolu shishino, isolulela kwinkolelo yokuqhekeka.
Umcimbi omnye obonakaliswe sisiganeko seKerviel yindlela nje encinci abaphathi abaphezulu kushishino lweebhanki zotyalo-mali ababesazi ngokwenzekileyo 'kumgangatho wevenkile'. Uninzi aluzange lufumane iinzipho ezenziwe kakuhle ngaphakathi kwiphepha elisikiweyo lokucinezela ibhidi okanye ubuze ngokusebenzisa imouse. Esi siganeko samva nje sinokuphinda sibonise ukuba iinqaba zeendlovu ezininzi ezihlala kushishino lweebhanki zifuna ukwanda nangona itha eshushu, ngohlobo lwezinto ezikhutshwe ngokugqibeleleyo, ezingathandabuzekiyo ukuhla zivela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuzikhusela kunye nomzi mveliso ngelixa amabhaso ebhonasi ahlala engatshintshiyo.
URichard Fuld, oyintloko yabazalwana bakaLehman, wajongana nemibuzo evela kwi-US House of Representatives's Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Ummeli uHenry Waxman ubuze;
Inkampani yakho ngoku ibhangile, uqoqosho lwethu lusengxakini, kodwa kufuneka ugcine i-480 yezigidi zeedola. Ndinombuzo osisiseko kuwe, ngaba kufanelekile?
UFuld uthe eneneni uthathe kuphela i-300 yezigidi zeedola kumvuzo kunye neebhonasi kule minyaka isibhozo idlulileyo. Ngaphandle kokuzikhusela kukaFuld kumvuzo wakhe ophezulu, uLehman Brothers uhlawule intlawulo kuxelwe ukuba ukonyuke kakhulu ngaphambi kokugcwalisa njengongenamali.
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