Februwari 21 • Amagqabantshintshi eMarike • 5762 izimvo • Comments Off kubantu baseMelika baqhuba kancinci kwaye bahamba ngenqwelomoya, ngaba ekugqibeleni basendleleni eya ndawo?
"Ngaba le ncwadi ibingcono kunefilimu?" ngowona mbuzo uphindaphindwayo xa inoveli ethengisa kakhulu iguqulelwa kwiscreen esikhulu. Ngaba indlela yayixhalabile ukuba le filimu ngokuqinisekileyo ayilunganga njengencwadi, nangona kunjalo, ifilimu ilungile kakhulu. Ndisandula ukuyijonga kwakhona kwaye ukuba kukho isicatshulwa esincinci emva koko sibhala sikhulu kwaye lilizwi elinye; "Melika".
Indlela yinoveli yango-2006 ngumbhali waseMelika uCormac McCarthy. Ibali emva kohambo lukatata kunye nonyana wakhe omncinci kwisithuba seenyanga ezininzi, ngaphesheya komhlaba oqhunyiswe yintlekele engachazwanga eye yatshabalalisa uninzi lwempucuko kwaye phantse bonke ubomi eMhlabeni.
Ongazange wabizwa ngutata kunye nonyana wakhe omncinci uhambo olunqamleza umhlaba omdaka emva kweminyaka, iminyaka ethile emva kwengozi enkulu engachazwanga itshabalalise impucuko kunye nobomi obuninzi eMhlabeni. Umhlaba uzele luthuthu kwaye awunazilwanyana ziphilayo kunye nohlaza. Uninzi lwabantu abasindileyo abaseleyo baye babhenela ekutyeni abantu, bechitha into eyonakeleyo edolophini nakwilizwe ngokufanayo ngokwenyama. Umama wenkwenkwe, ekhulelwe naye ngexesha lentlekele, ulilahlile ithemba kwaye wazibulala ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba eli bali liqale, ngaphandle kokubongoza kukatata. Ininzi yale ncwadi ibhalwe njengomntu wesithathu, kubhekiswa "kutata" kunye "nonyana" okanye "indoda" kunye "nenkwenkwe".
Eqonda ukuba abasayi kuphila ebusika obuzayo apho bakhoyo, utata uthatha inkwenkwe besiya emazantsi kwiindlela ezingenanto eziya elwandle, bephethe izinto zabo ezincinci kwiibhegi zabo nakwiinqwelo ezinkulu. Indoda ikhwehlela igazi amaxesha ngamaxesha kwaye ekugqibeleni iqonde ukuba iyasweleka, kodwa isasokola ukukhusela unyana wayo kwizisongelo zokuhlaselwa, ukubhencwa, kunye nendlala…
Umkhankaso wezendalo wase-Bhritane u-George Monbiot wachukunyiswa yiNdlela kangangokuba wabhengeza ukuba uMcCarthy ungomnye wabantu "abangama-50 abanokusindisa iplanethi" kwinqaku elapapashwa ngoJanuwari 2008. UMonbiot wabhala;
Isenokuba yeyona ncwadi ibalulekileyo kwezendalo. Luvavanyo lokucinga olucinga umhlaba ongenayo indalo, kwaye lubonisa ukuba yonke into esiyixabisileyo ixhomekeke kwindalo.
Olu nyulo luchaza uphononongo lukaMonbiot awayelubhalele iinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambili kwiThe Guardian awayebhale kuyo;
Kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ndifundile endikholelwa ukuba yeyona ncwadi ibalulekileyo kwezendalo kwezakha zabhalwa. Ayisiyo Intwasahlobo ethuleyo, encinci intle okanye kwaWalden. Iqukethe iigrafu, akukho tafile, akukho zibakala, amanani, izilumkiso, uqikelelo okanye iingxoxo. Kwaye ayinasivakalisi esinye, apho, ngelishwa, sahlulahlula kuncwadi oluninzi lokusingqongileyo. Yincwadi, eyaqala ukupapashwa kunyaka ophelileyo, kwaye iyakutshintsha indlela olibona ngayo ihlabathi.
Amagama amabini; "I-carbon footprint" inyamalale kwisichazi-magama kunye ne-zeitgeist yengxoxo yemihla ngemihla kule minyaka idlulileyo. Mhlawumbi eli binzana lalithathwa njenge- 'anti-thesis' kuhlumo, ke ngoko la magama mabini ayedinga ukuxhomekeka kwigumbi lezoqoqosho 101. Awunakho ukukhula ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izibaso, ngako oko la magama mabini athatyathwa njengo “hayi hayi” . Kwaye kwilizwe elikholelwa kwiBigfoot ngaphezulu kwekhabhoni ukungabikho komdla kumanqanaba okonga amafutha akumangalisi.
Abemi base-USA abazi ukuba bazalwe xa ucinga ukuba bahlawulela ntoni ipetroli (igesi) xa kuthelekiswa ngqo nabazala babo baseYurophu. Uloyiko lubambe i-USA ukuba ixabiso legesi linganyuka liye kwi-4 yeedola .. ”yintoni, udlala ngam, ilitha, boyika ukuba ipetroli ikwiidola ezine?”
Iidola ezine zithenga malunga neepawundi ezimbini ezinesiqingatha. Imetric erhabaxa yi-4.5 yeelitha kwilitha nganye, e-UK ixabiso leelitha ze-unleaded lisondela ngokukhawuleza kwi-140 lepeni, ke masenze "izibalo" njengoko bathanda ukuthi 'phaya'.
'Igaloni' yezibaso e-UK iya kuxabisa ama-630 eedenariyo. Ukuba abazala bethu base-USA bebebhatala imali elinganayo nabemi base UK ngegaloni yepetroli ngebabebhatala malunga ne-9.95 yeedola ..
Ngoku ayililo inqaku elixubusha ngezizathu zokungangqinelani kwexabiso elinikezwe impendulo ekhanyayo yirhafu. Nokuba leliphi iqela lase-USA elinikezela ngamagunya amaxesha ngamaxesha ngokuzenzisa kwentando yesininzi, soze bangenise ixabiso elongeziweyo okanye irhafu ethe ngqo ngokuthelekisa neyaseYurophu kumafutha asekhaya okanye kwimizi-mveliso. Ayisiyiyo kuphela into yokuba ukuzibulala kwezopolitiko ukuzibulala kuya kuba kwangoko. Alikho eli nqaku malunga nokubuza umbuzo ocacileyo wokuba kutheni i-USA inkanuko engonelisekiyo kunye nokunxanelwa ioyile kuya kuyithatha kwimfazwe yamanye amazwe kude kuthiwe ioyile yokugqibela ithi 'ngumxhasi', kukho enye indawo enomdla ngakumbi kwixabiso lepetroli kunye I-USA apho uninzi lwentengiso lweentengiso lusilela ukubonisa. Ngaphandle kokuba abantu baseMelika benendawo ephantsi yokuhlawula irhafu, ngaphandle kokuba amaMelika ahlawule ixabiso elilingana nesiqingatha seendleko zabantu baseYurophu ngenxa yezibaso, nangona umvuzo wabo ophakathi ungowona uphakamileyo kwilizwe eliphuhlileyo, abanakufikelela kumafutha okuqhuba, bakwi emaphethelweni ..
Ngaba amaxabiso 'egesi' abangela abantu baseMelika ukuba baphinde bacinge ngothando lwabo ngokuqhuba?
NgokweSebe lezoThutho lase-US kuLawulo lweNdlela eNkulu, amaMelika aqhuba kancinci. Baqhuba iimayile ezingama-38.3 ezigidigidi ezimbalwa ngo-2011 kunango-2010, ukwehla kwepesenti ezi-1.4. Utshintsho aluzange lube lukhulu kangako kwingingqi esembindini ye-US, kubandakanya i-Ohio, eyathi yehla nge-0.7 yeepesenti ukuya kwi-53.6 yezigidi zeemayile.
IGas Buddy, iwebhusayithi ebeka esweni amaxabiso egesi kunye neminye imiba enxulumene noko, wathi kwibhlog yakhe ngoMvulo ukuba le yinxalenye yomkhwa oqhubekayo okokoko amaxabiso erhasi abetha i $ 4 ngegaloni ngo-2008.
Amaxabiso eoyile ye-WTI agqithile kwi-100 leedola uphawu kunye ne "Business Insider" inika ingxelo yokuba "abanye abahlalutyi beoyile baqikelela $ 4.50 yeelitha okanye nangaphezulu ngeSikhumbuzo seSuku kunxweme lwaseNtshona kunye nezixeko ezikhulu eMelika ezifana neChicago, New York kunye IAtlanta. ”
Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela amaxabiso epetroli, kuba amaRashiya amaninzi aqhuba kancinci ngenxa yentswela-ngqesho okanye uloyiko lokuphulukana nemisebenzi, abo baseMelika bazimisele ukuchitha iidola zabo abazisebenzele nzima betyibilika esihlalweni phambi kweekhompyuter zabo kunokuba batyibilike ngasemva kwevili leengxelo zeemoto zabo "iWall Street Journal," njengoko amanani e-e-commerce abonisa ukwanda kweepesenti ezili-16 kwintengiso ye-Intanethi kwikota yesine ka-2011.
NgoFebruwari 2010 abantu baseMelika babehlawula i-2.50 yeedola ngegaloni nganye, ngoMeyi wonyaka ophelileyo amaxabiso erhasi ayenyuke aya kwi-4.01 yeedola ngegaloni nganye. Abantu baseMelika baqala ukunciphisa ukuqhuba kwabo kwaye iimarike zaphendula. Amaxabiso egesi ayehla ngokuthe chu ukusukela oko yafikelela kumanqaku amane ebhokhwe kwaye ngomhla wokuqala wama-2012 amaxabiso ehle aya kwi-3.10 yeedola. Ngoku amaxabiso anyukela phezulu, ixabiso eliphakathi legesi e-Atlanta (ngokweGesiBuddy.com) kwi- $ 3.56.
I-avareji yexabiso lepetroli eqhelekileyo eCarlifonia inyuke yadlula kwi-4 yeedola, ngethemba lokufumana amaxabiso aphezulu ngaphambili. Ukonyuka okumangalisayo kutshanje kuzwelonke nakwilizwe liphela kunokubenzakalisa abathengi, kunye noqoqosho olubanzi.
Ukubetha iNdlela
Kuwo wonke amaMelika 'aqhelekileyo' amaMelika anika ingxelo yokuba kubiza malini imihla ngemihla, kwaye oku kuluntu yayiyiminyaka engamashumi amathathu ekubambiseni imali kwi-3% kwaye umvuzo ophakathi we-circa ezingama-40,000 uphakame kakhulu kunaseYurophu. Ukuba amaxabiso aphula iidola ezi-4 zeedola ngegaloni kwakhona kwaye ihlala ngaphezulu kwale ndawo yokumelana nexesha elininzi, uthando lwenyani lwaseMelika ngokuqhuba lunokuvavanywa ngokuqatha. Eli lizwe likhulu kangangokuba uthutho olululo olukhawulezileyo luya kufika emva kwexesha kwaye iya kuba yinto engxamisekileyo, isiganeko seposi emva kwengcinga.
Ngelixa incwadi ethi iNdlela isalatha kwikamva le-apocalyptic eMelika ngokusekwe kwinto ebonakala ngathi sisiganeko somnyhadala kungenzeka ukuba i-USA sele ithathe amanyathelo okuqala kuloo ndlela. I-Petroli kwi-5 yeedola yi-rubicon kubantu abaninzi baseMelika, ipetroli kwi-circa yeedola ezili-10 (ezilingana neYurophu) ziya kuzisa ukuwa kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo ngokulandelelana ngokukhawuleza. I-USA ayinakuqhubeka ngokuxhasa ngokungangqalanga kwaye ngokungeyonyani ukuxhasa amaxabiso asezantsi amafutha ngokunyusa nje ityala lesizwe ngokungenasiphelo njengenkxaso mali.
Ubunyani bokunyusa irhafu ngophethiloli ayisiyonto ethandwayo ejolise kwipesenti enye, kodwa kungekudala amaMelika aqhelekileyo kuya kufuneka ajongane nencopho ye-oyile. Amafutha abo axabisa kakhulu kwaye ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo uninzi lwethu luhlawula ixabiso.
Amaxabiso epetroliuki-USA
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Abantu baseMelika baqhuba kancinci kwaye bahamba ngenqwelomoya, ngaba ekugqibeleni basendleleni eya ndawo?
Februwari 21 • Amagqabantshintshi eMarike • 5762 izimvo • Comments Off kubantu baseMelika baqhuba kancinci kwaye bahamba ngenqwelomoya, ngaba ekugqibeleni basendleleni eya ndawo?
"Ngaba le ncwadi ibingcono kunefilimu?" ngowona mbuzo uphindaphindwayo xa inoveli ethengisa kakhulu iguqulelwa kwiscreen esikhulu. Ngaba indlela yayixhalabile ukuba le filimu ngokuqinisekileyo ayilunganga njengencwadi, nangona kunjalo, ifilimu ilungile kakhulu. Ndisandula ukuyijonga kwakhona kwaye ukuba kukho isicatshulwa esincinci emva koko sibhala sikhulu kwaye lilizwi elinye; "Melika".
Indlela yinoveli yango-2006 ngumbhali waseMelika uCormac McCarthy. Ibali emva kohambo lukatata kunye nonyana wakhe omncinci kwisithuba seenyanga ezininzi, ngaphesheya komhlaba oqhunyiswe yintlekele engachazwanga eye yatshabalalisa uninzi lwempucuko kwaye phantse bonke ubomi eMhlabeni.
Ongazange wabizwa ngutata kunye nonyana wakhe omncinci uhambo olunqamleza umhlaba omdaka emva kweminyaka, iminyaka ethile emva kwengozi enkulu engachazwanga itshabalalise impucuko kunye nobomi obuninzi eMhlabeni. Umhlaba uzele luthuthu kwaye awunazilwanyana ziphilayo kunye nohlaza. Uninzi lwabantu abasindileyo abaseleyo baye babhenela ekutyeni abantu, bechitha into eyonakeleyo edolophini nakwilizwe ngokufanayo ngokwenyama. Umama wenkwenkwe, ekhulelwe naye ngexesha lentlekele, ulilahlile ithemba kwaye wazibulala ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba eli bali liqale, ngaphandle kokubongoza kukatata. Ininzi yale ncwadi ibhalwe njengomntu wesithathu, kubhekiswa "kutata" kunye "nonyana" okanye "indoda" kunye "nenkwenkwe".
Eqonda ukuba abasayi kuphila ebusika obuzayo apho bakhoyo, utata uthatha inkwenkwe besiya emazantsi kwiindlela ezingenanto eziya elwandle, bephethe izinto zabo ezincinci kwiibhegi zabo nakwiinqwelo ezinkulu. Indoda ikhwehlela igazi amaxesha ngamaxesha kwaye ekugqibeleni iqonde ukuba iyasweleka, kodwa isasokola ukukhusela unyana wayo kwizisongelo zokuhlaselwa, ukubhencwa, kunye nendlala…
Umkhankaso wezendalo wase-Bhritane u-George Monbiot wachukunyiswa yiNdlela kangangokuba wabhengeza ukuba uMcCarthy ungomnye wabantu "abangama-50 abanokusindisa iplanethi" kwinqaku elapapashwa ngoJanuwari 2008. UMonbiot wabhala;
Isenokuba yeyona ncwadi ibalulekileyo kwezendalo. Luvavanyo lokucinga olucinga umhlaba ongenayo indalo, kwaye lubonisa ukuba yonke into esiyixabisileyo ixhomekeke kwindalo.
Olu nyulo luchaza uphononongo lukaMonbiot awayelubhalele iinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambili kwiThe Guardian awayebhale kuyo;
Kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ndifundile endikholelwa ukuba yeyona ncwadi ibalulekileyo kwezendalo kwezakha zabhalwa. Ayisiyo Intwasahlobo ethuleyo, encinci intle okanye kwaWalden. Iqukethe iigrafu, akukho tafile, akukho zibakala, amanani, izilumkiso, uqikelelo okanye iingxoxo. Kwaye ayinasivakalisi esinye, apho, ngelishwa, sahlulahlula kuncwadi oluninzi lokusingqongileyo. Yincwadi, eyaqala ukupapashwa kunyaka ophelileyo, kwaye iyakutshintsha indlela olibona ngayo ihlabathi.
Amagama amabini; "I-carbon footprint" inyamalale kwisichazi-magama kunye ne-zeitgeist yengxoxo yemihla ngemihla kule minyaka idlulileyo. Mhlawumbi eli binzana lalithathwa njenge- 'anti-thesis' kuhlumo, ke ngoko la magama mabini ayedinga ukuxhomekeka kwigumbi lezoqoqosho 101. Awunakho ukukhula ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izibaso, ngako oko la magama mabini athatyathwa njengo “hayi hayi” . Kwaye kwilizwe elikholelwa kwiBigfoot ngaphezulu kwekhabhoni ukungabikho komdla kumanqanaba okonga amafutha akumangalisi.
Abemi base-USA abazi ukuba bazalwe xa ucinga ukuba bahlawulela ntoni ipetroli (igesi) xa kuthelekiswa ngqo nabazala babo baseYurophu. Uloyiko lubambe i-USA ukuba ixabiso legesi linganyuka liye kwi-4 yeedola .. ”yintoni, udlala ngam, ilitha, boyika ukuba ipetroli ikwiidola ezine?”
Iidola ezine zithenga malunga neepawundi ezimbini ezinesiqingatha. Imetric erhabaxa yi-4.5 yeelitha kwilitha nganye, e-UK ixabiso leelitha ze-unleaded lisondela ngokukhawuleza kwi-140 lepeni, ke masenze "izibalo" njengoko bathanda ukuthi 'phaya'.
'Igaloni' yezibaso e-UK iya kuxabisa ama-630 eedenariyo. Ukuba abazala bethu base-USA bebebhatala imali elinganayo nabemi base UK ngegaloni yepetroli ngebabebhatala malunga ne-9.95 yeedola ..
Ngoku ayililo inqaku elixubusha ngezizathu zokungangqinelani kwexabiso elinikezwe impendulo ekhanyayo yirhafu. Nokuba leliphi iqela lase-USA elinikezela ngamagunya amaxesha ngamaxesha ngokuzenzisa kwentando yesininzi, soze bangenise ixabiso elongeziweyo okanye irhafu ethe ngqo ngokuthelekisa neyaseYurophu kumafutha asekhaya okanye kwimizi-mveliso. Ayisiyiyo kuphela into yokuba ukuzibulala kwezopolitiko ukuzibulala kuya kuba kwangoko. Alikho eli nqaku malunga nokubuza umbuzo ocacileyo wokuba kutheni i-USA inkanuko engonelisekiyo kunye nokunxanelwa ioyile kuya kuyithatha kwimfazwe yamanye amazwe kude kuthiwe ioyile yokugqibela ithi 'ngumxhasi', kukho enye indawo enomdla ngakumbi kwixabiso lepetroli kunye I-USA apho uninzi lwentengiso lweentengiso lusilela ukubonisa. Ngaphandle kokuba abantu baseMelika benendawo ephantsi yokuhlawula irhafu, ngaphandle kokuba amaMelika ahlawule ixabiso elilingana nesiqingatha seendleko zabantu baseYurophu ngenxa yezibaso, nangona umvuzo wabo ophakathi ungowona uphakamileyo kwilizwe eliphuhlileyo, abanakufikelela kumafutha okuqhuba, bakwi emaphethelweni ..
Ngaba amaxabiso 'egesi' abangela abantu baseMelika ukuba baphinde bacinge ngothando lwabo ngokuqhuba?
NgokweSebe lezoThutho lase-US kuLawulo lweNdlela eNkulu, amaMelika aqhuba kancinci. Baqhuba iimayile ezingama-38.3 ezigidigidi ezimbalwa ngo-2011 kunango-2010, ukwehla kwepesenti ezi-1.4. Utshintsho aluzange lube lukhulu kangako kwingingqi esembindini ye-US, kubandakanya i-Ohio, eyathi yehla nge-0.7 yeepesenti ukuya kwi-53.6 yezigidi zeemayile.
IGas Buddy, iwebhusayithi ebeka esweni amaxabiso egesi kunye neminye imiba enxulumene noko, wathi kwibhlog yakhe ngoMvulo ukuba le yinxalenye yomkhwa oqhubekayo okokoko amaxabiso erhasi abetha i $ 4 ngegaloni ngo-2008.
Amaxabiso eoyile ye-WTI agqithile kwi-100 leedola uphawu kunye ne "Business Insider" inika ingxelo yokuba "abanye abahlalutyi beoyile baqikelela $ 4.50 yeelitha okanye nangaphezulu ngeSikhumbuzo seSuku kunxweme lwaseNtshona kunye nezixeko ezikhulu eMelika ezifana neChicago, New York kunye IAtlanta. ”
Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela amaxabiso epetroli, kuba amaRashiya amaninzi aqhuba kancinci ngenxa yentswela-ngqesho okanye uloyiko lokuphulukana nemisebenzi, abo baseMelika bazimisele ukuchitha iidola zabo abazisebenzele nzima betyibilika esihlalweni phambi kweekhompyuter zabo kunokuba batyibilike ngasemva kwevili leengxelo zeemoto zabo "iWall Street Journal," njengoko amanani e-e-commerce abonisa ukwanda kweepesenti ezili-16 kwintengiso ye-Intanethi kwikota yesine ka-2011.
NgoFebruwari 2010 abantu baseMelika babehlawula i-2.50 yeedola ngegaloni nganye, ngoMeyi wonyaka ophelileyo amaxabiso erhasi ayenyuke aya kwi-4.01 yeedola ngegaloni nganye. Abantu baseMelika baqala ukunciphisa ukuqhuba kwabo kwaye iimarike zaphendula. Amaxabiso egesi ayehla ngokuthe chu ukusukela oko yafikelela kumanqaku amane ebhokhwe kwaye ngomhla wokuqala wama-2012 amaxabiso ehle aya kwi-3.10 yeedola. Ngoku amaxabiso anyukela phezulu, ixabiso eliphakathi legesi e-Atlanta (ngokweGesiBuddy.com) kwi- $ 3.56.
I-avareji yexabiso lepetroli eqhelekileyo eCarlifonia inyuke yadlula kwi-4 yeedola, ngethemba lokufumana amaxabiso aphezulu ngaphambili. Ukonyuka okumangalisayo kutshanje kuzwelonke nakwilizwe liphela kunokubenzakalisa abathengi, kunye noqoqosho olubanzi.
Ukubetha iNdlela
Kuwo wonke amaMelika 'aqhelekileyo' amaMelika anika ingxelo yokuba kubiza malini imihla ngemihla, kwaye oku kuluntu yayiyiminyaka engamashumi amathathu ekubambiseni imali kwi-3% kwaye umvuzo ophakathi we-circa ezingama-40,000 uphakame kakhulu kunaseYurophu. Ukuba amaxabiso aphula iidola ezi-4 zeedola ngegaloni kwakhona kwaye ihlala ngaphezulu kwale ndawo yokumelana nexesha elininzi, uthando lwenyani lwaseMelika ngokuqhuba lunokuvavanywa ngokuqatha. Eli lizwe likhulu kangangokuba uthutho olululo olukhawulezileyo luya kufika emva kwexesha kwaye iya kuba yinto engxamisekileyo, isiganeko seposi emva kwengcinga.
Ngelixa incwadi ethi iNdlela isalatha kwikamva le-apocalyptic eMelika ngokusekwe kwinto ebonakala ngathi sisiganeko somnyhadala kungenzeka ukuba i-USA sele ithathe amanyathelo okuqala kuloo ndlela. I-Petroli kwi-5 yeedola yi-rubicon kubantu abaninzi baseMelika, ipetroli kwi-circa yeedola ezili-10 (ezilingana neYurophu) ziya kuzisa ukuwa kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo ngokulandelelana ngokukhawuleza. I-USA ayinakuqhubeka ngokuxhasa ngokungangqalanga kwaye ngokungeyonyani ukuxhasa amaxabiso asezantsi amafutha ngokunyusa nje ityala lesizwe ngokungenasiphelo njengenkxaso mali.
Ubunyani bokunyusa irhafu ngophethiloli ayisiyonto ethandwayo ejolise kwipesenti enye, kodwa kungekudala amaMelika aqhelekileyo kuya kufuneka ajongane nencopho ye-oyile. Amafutha abo axabisa kakhulu kwaye ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo uninzi lwethu luhlawula ixabiso.
Amaxabiso epetroliuki-USA
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