Sep 19 • Mashoko eMusika • 6357 Views • Comments Off pane Fuel Yekufunga
IUnited States ndiyo inogadzira pasi rose ethanol mafuta. Iyo US yakaburitsa 50.0 bhiriyoni litita emafuta ethanol muna 2010. Mafuta eEthanol anonyanya kushandiswa muUS se oxygenate kune peturu. Muna 2009, kubva kune ese ethanol mafuta anodyiwa munyika, 99% yakadyiwa se ethanol mu gasohol. Mazhinji ethanol eUS anogadzirwa kubva muchibage uye magetsi anodikanwa ezvigadzirwa zvemidziyo anotangira kubva kumarasha emarasha, gakava ririkuenderera mberi nezvekuti chibage-chakavakirwa bio-ethanol iri sei kutsiva mafuta epasi mumotokari. Kuramba uye gakava zvine chekuita neyakawandisa ivhu rinorimwa rinodikanwa pazvirimwa uye kukanganisa kwaro kudyara kwezviyo zvepasirese, yakanangana uye isina kunangana shanduko shanduko mhedzisiro, pamwe nenyaya dzine chekuita nesimba remagetsi uye kuwedzera kwesabhoni kana uchifunga nezvehupenyu hwakazara hweethanol kugadzirwa.
Chinokonzeresa shanduko yeArab Chitubu chinowanzo kuverengerwa kumakore makumi maviri nematanhatu ekuberekwa Mohamed Bouazizi uyo aigara mutaundi rematunhu reSidi Bouzid, muTunisia, aive nedhigirii rekuyunivhesiti asi asina basa. Mukuyedza kuita raramo akatanga kutengesa michero nemiriwo mumigwagwa asina rezinesi. Vakuru veTunisia vakamumisa ndokutora goho rake, mukupererwa akazviwisira moto nemusi weMugovera Zvita 18th 2010. Mhirizhonga yakazotevera uye mauto ekuchengetedza akakurumidza kuvhara guta. PaChitatu chakatevera mumwe murume wechidiki aive asina basa muSidi Bouzid akakwira padanda remagetsi, akashevedzera "kwete nekuda kwekutambudzika, kwete kwekushayikwa kwemabasa", akabva abata tambo ndokuzvibatira magetsi. NeChishanu Gunyana 16th 2011, kunze kwebhangi muPiraeus (chiteshi chikuru chegungwa kuGreece), muzvinabhizimusi mudiki akazvinyudza mupeturu ndokuzvipisa. Kuratidzira kwake kwakapererwa kwaive pachena mukutsamwira bhizinesi rake rakakundikana uye kushaya rubatsiro rwebhangi.
Ngano inofambisirwa nenhepfenyuro inoteerera yekumadokero ndeyekuti chitubu chemaArab chaive chiitiko chehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri zvakangofanana, asi iko kutadza kwehupfumi mune dzimwe nyika dzechiArabhu nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza dzeAfrica zvichikonzera; nzara, kushaya uye kushaya tariro kwaive kwakakura sekuda kwekuchinja kwehurumende. Iyo yeArabhu yechirimo shanduko ine, mune yaimbove isingafungidzike yakafanana, ikozvino yakaendeswa kuIsrael. Midhiya akakosha akanyanya kufuratira kuratidzira kweTel Aviv uko huwandu hukuru hwakaungana mukupera kwesvondo kuratidzira kuhupfumi hwakadzikira. Kukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu, mitengo yemba uye rendi zvisingasviki kune vepakati veIsrael, mibairo iri kudzikira, huwandu hwakakura hwekushaikwa kwemabasa uye vepakati vakadzidza avo, vasingavimbe uye vakatsamwa nevatungamiriri vavo vezvematongerwo enyika, vava kuda shanduko iri kukonzera kusagadzikana kwerunyararo munharaunda. . Inofungidzira kuisa manhamba mumigwagwa yeTel Aviv munenge mazana mazana matatu ezviuru, tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwevanhu hunosvika mamirioni matatu nemazana matatu nhamba huru yakatora kumigwagwa kuratidzira.
Izvo zvave kuwedzera kuomera hutongi nehurumende kudzivirira nhaurirano maererano nematanho echokwadi emitengo yezvinhu inokanganisa chikafu chekudya uye zvinhu zvekutanga uye kuvanza chinokonzera iko inflation. Ruzhinji rweUSA, UK neEuropean vagari vanogona kungosimudza mapendekete avo voburitsa kugomera kuneta pavanobhadhara kuchitoro cheki, kana papombi yepeturu pavanenge vachiongorora vanofungidzirwa kuti 5% RPI pamarisiti avo. Nekudaro, kune kwakakura kuwanda kwevagari vemuMiddle East kana Africa iyo spike yekukwira kwezvinhu pazvinhu zvekutanga inyaya mutsauko pakati pehupenyu kana kufa, nzara kana kurarama. Ipo hurumende yeUK inogona kuverenga yavo inflation nhamba vachishandisa tswanda yezvinhu zvinosanganisira nharembozha toni, Broadband, sky tv uye plasma screen terevhizheni dzakadai zveumbozha hazvisi chikamu chetswanda yesarudzo munzvimbo dzine hurombo dzepasi. Brent yakasindimara yakaramba yakasindimara pamusoro pe $ 100 dhiramu yekusvika kwemwedzi mitanhatu, zvekudya zvekutanga zvakadonhedza zvisine tsitsi, nepo vatyairi vekuUK vanogona kurarama netare peturu ichikwira ne30% pamusoro pemakore matatu (sezvo yavo chaiyo uye inflation yakagadziriswa mihoro inoramba yakamira) varombo vagari vepasirese havana zano rekubata. Nechikafu, huni uye pekugara kuverenga pamusoro peanenge ese emutengo wavo, kubva pachinzvimbo chemubhadharo wakashata, iyo yakakwira mutengo wezviyo uye mafuta iri kutyisidzira hupenyu.
Kukwira kwemitengo kwepasirese kwakaitika kubva muna2008 kuri semhedzisiro yakanangana nekudzikisira huwandu hweUSA, UK neEuropean vanoita mutemo kuti vadzokerezve masangano makuru emari kuitira "kuchengetedza hurongwa". Mitemo yakapetwa zirp pasina mubvunzo yakakonzera kuwanda kwemari kumhanyira muzvinhu zvekufungidzira nezvakaenzana. Nepo kukosha kwe equity kuchigona kugadzirisa zvisingafanoonekwi uye zvisingafungidzirwe ndeyekuti mitengo yezvinhu inogona kusadonha. Kana mafuta akasara pamadhora zana pabhari, kweimwezve mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika gumi nemiviri, kuderera kwemari 'kwakapetwa kaviri' kunotaridzika kuve kwechokwadi.
Ipo vatungamiriri vemari veEuropean vanotungamira vachisangana kuti vakurukure dzimwe nzira dzekumisikidza banking system, iyo inozviwana zvakare pamawere, havakwanisi kuita nharo pachena (kuti ishandiswe neveruzhinji) mimwe mhedzisiro inotyisa ichagadzirwa neQE. Kunyangwe paine QE yakawanda inogadzira huwandu husingaverengeke hwemadhora, kuburikidza nemabhangi epakati kwemwedzi mitatu, ichawedzera zvisina kunangana kukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu uye zvakanyanya kukanganisa hunhu hwehupenyu uye tarisiro yekurarama yemamirioni. Kana VaGeithner vadzokera kumota inofungidzirwa neU.SA pamwe vangazofunga nezvenzendo dzinotorwa nevanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica. Sezvo varwi vake vehondo vanosvika panhandare anogona kuona avo vanoenda kumaresitorendi anotengesa zvekudya, vanofambiswa nemotokari pachibage 'chikafu' uye vofunga kuti "basa rake ragadzirwa zvakanaka" kupera kwevhiki kuno nevamwe vake vekuEurope kuri kunamatira kwenguva pfupi kuEurope uye iyo USA, asi inogona kukuvadza ronda kune varombo uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira.
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Fuel Yekufunga
Sep 19 • Mashoko eMusika • 6357 Views • Comments Off pane Fuel Yekufunga
IUnited States ndiyo inogadzira pasi rose ethanol mafuta. Iyo US yakaburitsa 50.0 bhiriyoni litita emafuta ethanol muna 2010. Mafuta eEthanol anonyanya kushandiswa muUS se oxygenate kune peturu. Muna 2009, kubva kune ese ethanol mafuta anodyiwa munyika, 99% yakadyiwa se ethanol mu gasohol. Mazhinji ethanol eUS anogadzirwa kubva muchibage uye magetsi anodikanwa ezvigadzirwa zvemidziyo anotangira kubva kumarasha emarasha, gakava ririkuenderera mberi nezvekuti chibage-chakavakirwa bio-ethanol iri sei kutsiva mafuta epasi mumotokari. Kuramba uye gakava zvine chekuita neyakawandisa ivhu rinorimwa rinodikanwa pazvirimwa uye kukanganisa kwaro kudyara kwezviyo zvepasirese, yakanangana uye isina kunangana shanduko shanduko mhedzisiro, pamwe nenyaya dzine chekuita nesimba remagetsi uye kuwedzera kwesabhoni kana uchifunga nezvehupenyu hwakazara hweethanol kugadzirwa.
Chinokonzeresa shanduko yeArab Chitubu chinowanzo kuverengerwa kumakore makumi maviri nematanhatu ekuberekwa Mohamed Bouazizi uyo aigara mutaundi rematunhu reSidi Bouzid, muTunisia, aive nedhigirii rekuyunivhesiti asi asina basa. Mukuyedza kuita raramo akatanga kutengesa michero nemiriwo mumigwagwa asina rezinesi. Vakuru veTunisia vakamumisa ndokutora goho rake, mukupererwa akazviwisira moto nemusi weMugovera Zvita 18th 2010. Mhirizhonga yakazotevera uye mauto ekuchengetedza akakurumidza kuvhara guta. PaChitatu chakatevera mumwe murume wechidiki aive asina basa muSidi Bouzid akakwira padanda remagetsi, akashevedzera "kwete nekuda kwekutambudzika, kwete kwekushayikwa kwemabasa", akabva abata tambo ndokuzvibatira magetsi. NeChishanu Gunyana 16th 2011, kunze kwebhangi muPiraeus (chiteshi chikuru chegungwa kuGreece), muzvinabhizimusi mudiki akazvinyudza mupeturu ndokuzvipisa. Kuratidzira kwake kwakapererwa kwaive pachena mukutsamwira bhizinesi rake rakakundikana uye kushaya rubatsiro rwebhangi.
Ngano inofambisirwa nenhepfenyuro inoteerera yekumadokero ndeyekuti chitubu chemaArab chaive chiitiko chehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri zvakangofanana, asi iko kutadza kwehupfumi mune dzimwe nyika dzechiArabhu nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza dzeAfrica zvichikonzera; nzara, kushaya uye kushaya tariro kwaive kwakakura sekuda kwekuchinja kwehurumende. Iyo yeArabhu yechirimo shanduko ine, mune yaimbove isingafungidzike yakafanana, ikozvino yakaendeswa kuIsrael. Midhiya akakosha akanyanya kufuratira kuratidzira kweTel Aviv uko huwandu hukuru hwakaungana mukupera kwesvondo kuratidzira kuhupfumi hwakadzikira. Kukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu, mitengo yemba uye rendi zvisingasviki kune vepakati veIsrael, mibairo iri kudzikira, huwandu hwakakura hwekushaikwa kwemabasa uye vepakati vakadzidza avo, vasingavimbe uye vakatsamwa nevatungamiriri vavo vezvematongerwo enyika, vava kuda shanduko iri kukonzera kusagadzikana kwerunyararo munharaunda. . Inofungidzira kuisa manhamba mumigwagwa yeTel Aviv munenge mazana mazana matatu ezviuru, tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwevanhu hunosvika mamirioni matatu nemazana matatu nhamba huru yakatora kumigwagwa kuratidzira.
Izvo zvave kuwedzera kuomera hutongi nehurumende kudzivirira nhaurirano maererano nematanho echokwadi emitengo yezvinhu inokanganisa chikafu chekudya uye zvinhu zvekutanga uye kuvanza chinokonzera iko inflation. Ruzhinji rweUSA, UK neEuropean vagari vanogona kungosimudza mapendekete avo voburitsa kugomera kuneta pavanobhadhara kuchitoro cheki, kana papombi yepeturu pavanenge vachiongorora vanofungidzirwa kuti 5% RPI pamarisiti avo. Nekudaro, kune kwakakura kuwanda kwevagari vemuMiddle East kana Africa iyo spike yekukwira kwezvinhu pazvinhu zvekutanga inyaya mutsauko pakati pehupenyu kana kufa, nzara kana kurarama. Ipo hurumende yeUK inogona kuverenga yavo inflation nhamba vachishandisa tswanda yezvinhu zvinosanganisira nharembozha toni, Broadband, sky tv uye plasma screen terevhizheni dzakadai zveumbozha hazvisi chikamu chetswanda yesarudzo munzvimbo dzine hurombo dzepasi. Brent yakasindimara yakaramba yakasindimara pamusoro pe $ 100 dhiramu yekusvika kwemwedzi mitanhatu, zvekudya zvekutanga zvakadonhedza zvisine tsitsi, nepo vatyairi vekuUK vanogona kurarama netare peturu ichikwira ne30% pamusoro pemakore matatu (sezvo yavo chaiyo uye inflation yakagadziriswa mihoro inoramba yakamira) varombo vagari vepasirese havana zano rekubata. Nechikafu, huni uye pekugara kuverenga pamusoro peanenge ese emutengo wavo, kubva pachinzvimbo chemubhadharo wakashata, iyo yakakwira mutengo wezviyo uye mafuta iri kutyisidzira hupenyu.
Kukwira kwemitengo kwepasirese kwakaitika kubva muna2008 kuri semhedzisiro yakanangana nekudzikisira huwandu hweUSA, UK neEuropean vanoita mutemo kuti vadzokerezve masangano makuru emari kuitira "kuchengetedza hurongwa". Mitemo yakapetwa zirp pasina mubvunzo yakakonzera kuwanda kwemari kumhanyira muzvinhu zvekufungidzira nezvakaenzana. Nepo kukosha kwe equity kuchigona kugadzirisa zvisingafanoonekwi uye zvisingafungidzirwe ndeyekuti mitengo yezvinhu inogona kusadonha. Kana mafuta akasara pamadhora zana pabhari, kweimwezve mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika gumi nemiviri, kuderera kwemari 'kwakapetwa kaviri' kunotaridzika kuve kwechokwadi.
Ipo vatungamiriri vemari veEuropean vanotungamira vachisangana kuti vakurukure dzimwe nzira dzekumisikidza banking system, iyo inozviwana zvakare pamawere, havakwanisi kuita nharo pachena (kuti ishandiswe neveruzhinji) mimwe mhedzisiro inotyisa ichagadzirwa neQE. Kunyangwe paine QE yakawanda inogadzira huwandu husingaverengeke hwemadhora, kuburikidza nemabhangi epakati kwemwedzi mitatu, ichawedzera zvisina kunangana kukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu uye zvakanyanya kukanganisa hunhu hwehupenyu uye tarisiro yekurarama yemamirioni. Kana VaGeithner vadzokera kumota inofungidzirwa neU.SA pamwe vangazofunga nezvenzendo dzinotorwa nevanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica. Sezvo varwi vake vehondo vanosvika panhandare anogona kuona avo vanoenda kumaresitorendi anotengesa zvekudya, vanofambiswa nemotokari pachibage 'chikafu' uye vofunga kuti "basa rake ragadzirwa zvakanaka" kupera kwevhiki kuno nevamwe vake vekuEurope kuri kunamatira kwenguva pfupi kuEurope uye iyo USA, asi inogona kukuvadza ronda kune varombo uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira.
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« Masangano eEuropean Finance: USA Inofanirwa Kuwana Imba Yayo Yakaenzana Terminal Velocity, iyo IMF uye Goldman Sachs Ita Iyo Math »