Kutapurirana - Usataure kune chero munhu, Usabata Chinhu
Iyo 2011 firimu Contagion anga ari hama yakarohwa neUSA movie-goers. Pane yakasununguka firimu peer wongororo saiti rottentomatoes.com yakarongwa zvakanyanya. Paive nefirimu yechiFrench muna2009 inonziwo kutapuriranwa uye fungidziro ndeyekuti mune yakanakisa 'Hollywood tsika' iyo firimu indasitiri yakaoma yeAmerica yakatora firimu remutauro wekunze ndokuipa yavo sizzle nekushandura nyaya yacho (zvishoma kudaro zvishoma) uye kurongedza iyo firimu ne 'A' zvinyorwa nyeredzi. Zvinoshamisa kana kuti zvakangoitikawo kuti izwi rekuti "kutapurirana", iro rakapedzisira kushandiswa pamusoro muna2009, rave kutaurwa zvakare riine vhoriyamu uye kugara.
Kutapurika kunotevera kufambira mberi nekukurumidza kwehutachiona hunouraya hutachiona hunouraya mukati memazuva. Sezvo denda rinokurumidza kufamba richikura, vepasi rose vezvekurapa vanomhanyira kutsvaga mushonga uye kudzora kutya kunopararira nekukurumidza kupfuura hutachiona pachahwo. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhuwo zvavo vanotambura kuti vararame munharaunda inogara yakaparadzana…
Hazvingatore hunyanzvi hwakawandisa kushandura rondedzero yemamuvhi kuti ikwane zvinoitika zvemari zvepasirese, isu tinongochinjana mazwi "munharaunda yekurapa" ne "nharaunda yemari" uye kukwana kwacho kunenge kwakwana. Panyaya yekuti Ben Bernanke aizoita chinzvimbo chinotungamira pamberi paJude Law, kana Christine Lagarde pamberi paMarrion Cottilard haana chokwadi, chingave chiri chokwadi ndechekuti firimu rine magumo ane tariro, chiitiko chisingagoni kuvimbiswa muchokwadi icho Bernanke naLagarde parizvino vari kuita nyeredzi mukati.
Wikipedia ine mukova we kutapurirana kwemari iyo inotsanangura zvinoitika mukati memaviri ndima;
Kupararira kwezvemari kunoreva mamiriro ezvinhu mune izvo zvidiki zvinotyisa, izvo zvinotanga kukanganisa mashoma masisitimendi kana imwe nharaunda yehupfumi, zvinopararira kune mamwe ese masheya ezvemari nedzimwe nyika dzine hupfumi hwaimbove noutano, nenzira yakafanana nekutapurirana. yechirwere chekurapa. Kupararira kwemari kunoitika kune ese epasi rose nhanho yepamba. Padanho repamba, kazhinji kukundikana kwebhangi repamba kana mubatsiri wezvemari kunokonzeresa kutapurirana kana kukanganisa pazvikwereti zvebhangi uye kutengesa zvinhu mukutengesa moto, zvichideredza kuvimba mumabhangi akafanana.Muenzaniso wechiitiko ichi kukundikana kwaLehman Brothers uye nyonganiso yakatevera mumisika yemari yeUnited States. Kupararira kwepasirese kwemari, kunoitika mune hupfumi hwese hwemberi uye kusimukira kwehupfumi, ndiko kufambiswa kwedambudziko remari pamisika yemari kune hupfumi hwakananga kana husina kunangana. Nekudaro, pasi peye yanhasi sisitimu yezvemari, iine huwandu hwakawanda hwekuyerera kwemari, senge hedge fund uye kuyambuka kwedunhu mashandiro emabhangi makuru, kutapurana kwemari kunowanzoitika panguva imwe chete pakati pezvikamu zvemumba uye nenyika dzese. Chikonzero chekupararira kwemari kazhinji chinopfuura kutsanangurwa kwehupfumi chaihwo, senge hunyoro hwekutengeserana huwandu.
Kune dzimwe tsananguro dzekutapurirana dzakatangira nguva yeiyo 'hutachiona' hwemari. Zvinosanganisira: chirwere chiri kana chinogona kutapuriranwa nekunangana kwakananga kana kunanga; chirwere chinotapukira. Icho chinokonzera chikonzero, senge bhakitiriya kana hutachiona, hwechirwere chinotapukira. Psychology; kupararira kwemaitiro, maitiro, kana manzwiro kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu kana boka kuboka kuburikidza nemazano, manyepo, runyerekupe, kana kutevedzera. Kufurira, kunokanganisa; kutya kuti mhirizhonga paterevhizheni yaive chirwere chinotapura vateereri vechidiki. Iyo tsika yekupararira, seyedzidziso, simba, kana mamiriro emanzwiro.
Iyo psychology yekupararira inonakidza uye inonyanya kukosha kupfuura kutsanangurwa kwechirwere kwaive iko kwazvino malaise kuri kunetsekana. Hapana mubvunzo kuti mune zvematongerwo enyika zvine mukana mukutamba, zvichibva kuUSA neUK, chinangwa chayo ndechekupa mhosva munzira yekuEurope uye kunyanya Girisi kumatambudziko azvino nedambudziko. Sezvo dzidziso yekutapuriranazve ichitsvaira kuburikidza neiyo eurozone, uko dambudziko rechikwereti reGreek riri pachena kutapukira nyika dzakavakidzana uye kutyisidzira kuita nzira yaro kuyambuka Atlantic kusvika kumahombekombe eUS, pamwe yave nguva yekuburitsa dzidziso uye kuisa maonero pane kwakatangira.
Isu tinoyeuchidzwa zuva nezuva nezve njodzi inopararira, asi sevazhinji vadzidzi vezvokurapa vanopupurira hutachiona hutachiona hunowanzo 'kutora' vasina kusimba, kana avo vakatotambudzwa kutanga. Hupfumi hwakasimba haubatwe nechirwere cheGreek, vanorwara, vatotemerwa nezvikwereti zvakakura uye mabhajeti ehurumende, havadi mutakuri kuti vatapukirwe, vatove nechirwere ichi. Kubhururuka kwemahombekombe kubva kune idzi nyika haisi humbowo hwekutapukira, capital haisi kutiza misika yezvikwereti mukati, semuenzaniso, Spain, France, Portugal, Ireland neItari nekuti Greece haigone kubhadhara mabhiri ayo. Zvibereko zvemabhondi zviri kukwira nekuda kwenjodzi yakawedzera iyo nyika dzinogona kuzviwana dzirimo muchikepe chimwe seGirisi: vasingakwanise kuzadzisa zvikwereti zvavo. Muchidimbu vakonzera matambudziko avo.
Iko kuomarara kwepasi rakabatana rezvemari kwakaratidzirwa zvakanyanya neiyo subprime mogeji yekukanganisa iyo yakatapura mabhangi muEurope neAsia, nekuda kwechishamiso kugadzirwa kwekuchengetedzwa hakuna mabhanga akange akachengeteka. Mabhangi eEuropean ane chikwereti cheGreek ari panjodzi yekurasikirwa uye vari panjodzi kune ese PIIGS zvikwereti uye zvikwereti zveFrance futi. Iwo mabhanga eFrance anoratidzirwa zvisingaite kune yakasanganiswa inopararira kunyangwe iine kune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope. Iine kuEurope chete kusarongeka kwe: Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Ireland uye zvirokwazvo France ingadai ichidiridza maziso, yakaderera mutengo wesekiti € 2 tiririyoni yave iri 'kite ichiyerera' sechiyero chegomba dema iro rinogona kuda kuzadzwa uye kune chaiko kutya, kwete zvikwereti zveGreek zvisirizvo, asi hutongi hwehutongi hunokanganisa. Girisi, sechikamu chechinhu ichocho, ingadai iri pasi pe10%.
IUS yatotapukirwa nehutachiona hwechikwereti. Ichiri munguva yayo yekudzivirira, yakabatsira kugadzira chirwere mubazi rezvemari mukati memakore gumi apfuura. Zvakafanana nefirimu iyi yehupenyu chaihwo yegore ra2011-2008 yemutambo wepakutanga inogona kunge yakanyanya kushamisa uye tariro yevanhu inogona kutsigira tariro iyo firimu inoguma nayo. Nekudaro, kune akawanda pakati pedu ayo acharamba achiramba mafungiro akange aine dambudziko rakagadziriswa nenzira kwayo muna 2009 isu hatingafanirwe kuiswa kune ino yazvino block-buster inoshamisa Hollywood yekugadzirisa zvakare.
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