M'bale, Kodi Mungasiyireko Ndalama?
"Amakonda kundiuza kuti ndikumanga maloto, chifukwa chake ndimatsata gulu la anthu,
Pomwe panali dziko lolima, kapena mfuti yobereka, nthawi zonse ndimakhala komweko ntchito.
Iwo ankakonda kundiuza ine kuti ndimanga maloto,
ndi mtendere ndi ulemerero patsogolo,
Nchifukwa chiyani ine ndiyenera kuti ndiime mzere,
kungoyembekezera buledi? "
"Nditangomanga njanji, ndidayendetsa, ndikuyipanga motsutsana ndi nthawi.
Nthawi ina ndinamanga njanji; tsopano zachitika. M'bale, kodi mungapereke ndalama?
Kamodzi ine ndinamanga nsanja, mpaka dzuwa, njerwa, ndi rivet, ndi mandimu;
Kamodzi ndimanga nsanja, tsopano zatha. Mchimwene, mungapereke ndalama? "
Brother, Can You Spare a Dime, "mawu a Yip Harburg, nyimbo ndi Jay Gorney (1931)
Ngakhale panali mbiri dzulo dzulo, kuti USA ikuwoneka kuti idazemba chipolowe chachuma chambiri, malipoti aposachedwa ochokera ku US sakugwirizana kwenikweni ndi chiyembekezo;
Kafukufuku waposachedwa, wochitidwa ndi Gordon Green ndi John Coder wofalitsidwa ndi Sentier Research, apeza kuti ndalama zapakatikati zapakatikati (zosinthidwa pakukwera kwamtengo wapatali) zatsika ndi 6.7% pakati pa Juni 2009 ndi Juni 2011, zomwe ndi zochulukirapo kuposa kutsika kwa 3.2% komwe kudakumana ndi mavuto azachuma aposachedwa . Malipiro apanyumba apakatikati apakati amakhala $ 49,909 mu June 2011 kuchokera $ 55,309 mu Disembala 2007, pomwe kutsika kwachuma kudayamba. Mabanja aku America apitilizabe kutaya pansi ngakhale (zikuwoneka) kukula kuyambiranso. Kukula kwachuma mchaka choyamba cha 2011 kwayimitsidwa, ndikupita patsogolo osachepera 0.7% pachaka. M'gawo lachiwiri, ndalama zomwe ogula amagwiritsa ntchito zidakwera ndi 2009% yokha, yomwe inali yofooka kwambiri kuyambira kotala lachinayi la XNUMX.
Kulephera kwa mayiko akuyamba kuthamangira, ndi makampani ena akuluakulu pakati pa omwe akuvutika kuti apulumuke. American Airlines angafunikire kupita kukhoti kukonzanso zigwirizano zake, ndipo Kodak adatsimikizira kuti bizinesi yomwe imadziwika kuti itenga makampani kupyolera mu bankruptcy ikulangiza njira yomwe ikuyesera kuthetsa kuwonongeka kwa kayendetsedwe kake kazamalonda kojambula.
Makampani omwe ali m'mabizinesi osiyanasiyana, makamaka mafakitale othandizira monga kudzikongoletsa, malo ogulitsira monga malo odyera, mphamvu zowonjezeredwa, ndi makampani opanga mapepala, agwera chitetezo cha Chaputala 11 ku USA m'miyezi yapitayi. Chuma chofooka, kuchepa kwa ndalama kwa ogula komanso njira zochepetsera ngongole zikuwopsezanso makampani omwe akuvutika m'makampani osiyanasiyana monga kutumiza, zokopa alendo, atolankhani, mphamvu ndi kugulitsa nyumba. Ndipo malo ndi nyumba akadali pano ngati bogey bambo pakona yemwe sangachoke. Pali mayiko angapo aku USA omwe ali ndi mitengo yanyumba pafupi kapena kumbuyo mpaka 1999, ndipo ndiye mavuto ambiri atakhala pamenepo papepala pomwe iwo adagula zambiri za `` subprime '' zosowa kubanki kumapeto koyambirira kwa QE.
Ngakhale chizolowezi chodzudzula ndikuloza zala kulowera ku Europe kapena China zovuta zamakampani zomwe USA ikukumana nazo pakadali pano ndizochulukirapo zomwe zimapangidwa ndikunyumba. Makampani khumi omwe ali ndi ndalama zosachepera $ 100 miliyoni zomwe zidasungidwa kubweza banki mu Seputembala, makamaka kuyambira khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe zidasungidwa mu Epulo, mwezi wotanganidwa kwambiri kuyambira 2009, malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka ku bankruptcydata.com. Bankruptcy zaposachedwa zikuphatikiza glossy magazine pepala wopanga NewPage Corp, (bankirapuse yayikulu mchaka) ndi kampani yayikulu kwambiri yomwe siili yachuma kuyambira mu 2009; Graceway Pharmaceuticals, yomwe imapanga mafuta a khungu; Hussey Copper, yomwe imapanga mipiringidzo yamkuwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pama switchboard, ndi Dallas Stars ya National Hockey League. Kale mu Okutobala, makampani asanu omwe ali ndi ndalama zoposa $ 100 miliyoni adasumira bankirapuse, kuphatikiza kampani ya Friendly's ice cream and broadband kampani ya Open Range Communications.
Msika wogulitsidwa tsopano ndi mtengo wapakati pa makumi asanu ndi limodzi peresenti ya chiwombankhanga mwa njira ya mgwirizano wa msika wogulitsa womwe walosera kuchuluka kwa chiwongoladzanja cha United States kuyambira 1970, chomwe chimatchedwa kuti Treasury curve curve. Mafupikidwe a nthawi yayitali apambana kuposa zokolola za nthawi yayitali, kapena zotsitsimutsidwa, asanabwererenso kasanu ndi kawiri kuchokera ku 1970. Kusemphana kumapangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kwa US kuchepetsa umphawi, womwe wakhalapo pamtunda wa 9 pamwezi uliwonse kupatulapo kuyambira May 2009, kuphatikizapo kuwerenga kwa 9.1 peresenti mu September.
Achi China adalimbikitsanso kutulutsa mawu a 'D' motsogozedwa ndi USA kudzera mu ndemanga yaku China kuchokera ku Xinhua;
Panali zochitika zofananira m'ma 1930. Chuma cha United States komanso chuma padziko lonse lapansi ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zidachitika m'ma 1930, koma kuyang'ana m'mbiri kungathandize Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku US kuwona mavuto, zotsutsana komanso kuwopsa kwa ndalama ya ndalama. China ili ndi mawu akale oti munthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbiri ngati galasi kuti amvetsetse kukwera ndi kugwa kwa mayiko. Tikukhulupirira kuti andale aku America omwe akufuna kukakamiza renminbi kuti ayamikire atenga maphunziro a mbiriyakale ndikupititsa patsogolo malingaliro awo, osachita chinthu chopusa chomwe chingawononge anthu awo komanso anthu ena.
Kuwonjezeka kwa 'zovuta zachuma' sikungokhala ku USA, ku UK Lachiwiri m'mawa lipoti lati ana ena 600,000 adzaikidwa muumphawi popeza ndalama ku Britain zikuchepa ndi 2009% pakati pa 10-2012 ndi 13- 35 ndipo boma limasintha makina othandizira. Institute for Fiscal Study (IFS) yati kugwa uku kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kwa zaka XNUMX.
"Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa miyoyo" kungayambitsidwe chifukwa cha kukwera kwamitengo yayikulu komanso kuchepa kwa mapindu pambuyo pochuma kwachuma. Amanenanso kuti kusintha komwe boma la mgwirizanowu likufuna kudzakweza umphawi wa ana (pomwe ndalama zapakhomo ndizotsika 60% ya ndalama zapakati pa 2010-11, zosinthidwa kuti zikwerere) ndi 200,000 mu 2015-16 komanso 300,000 mu 2020-21.
Zikuwonetseratu kuti ana a 3.1 miliyoni, kapena kuposa 23 peresenti, ya ana ku Britain adzakhala osauka kwambiri ndi 2013, kuchokera ku 2.5 miliyoni (19.3 peresenti) mu 2010, ndipo 3.1 miliyoni adzakhalabe ali osauka mu 2020. Izi zikutanthauza kuti boma lidzaphonyedwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu, lomwe likuvomerezedwa ndi lamulo chaka chatha ndi kuthandizidwa ndi maphwando onse, kupha umphaŵi wa ana onse mpaka zaka zisanu pamapeto pa zaka khumi.
Chotsatira cha Quarterly Economic Survey kuchokera ku British Chambers of Commerce chikusonyeza kuti pali vuto lenileni la kuchepa kwachulukanso. Pambuyo pofufuza maofesi a 6,000, akudzinenera kuti malonda alibe chidaliro ndipo amadandaula za mavuto mu euro.
David Kern, BCC Chief Economist, adati:
Zotsatira za Q3 QES zikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa mkhalidwe wa zachuma, pokhudzana ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwachuma. Miyeso yokhumudwitsa ya Q3 yopititsa kunja, ndi kuyesa malonda ndi makina, imasonyeza kuti kuwerengera kofunikira kwambiri kwa chuma cha UK sikunakwaniritsidwe. Miyeso yoipa yamakolo amasonyeza kuti makampani akukumana ndi mavuto enieni azachuma.
Miyeso yowonongeka kwapakhomo ikupita ku gawo loipa, chifukwa cha kupanga ndi ntchito, kuwonetsa zoopsa zachuma. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero chachuma chikhoza kupewedwa, chifukwa cha zotsatira izi ziwonetsero zathu zakukula zomwe zaperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa September zidzakonzanso pansi kwa 2011 ndi 2012.
Popeza mavuto akuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse komanso mavuto omwe akukumana nawo ku Eurozone, pakufunika kuti MPC ndi boma lichite chilichonse chotheka kuti athetse mavuto azachuma. Kuwonjezeka kwaposachedwa kwa pulogalamu ya QE mpaka $ 275 biliyoni kulandiridwa, koma njira zowonjezereka zikufunika. Izi ziyenera kukhazikika makamaka pakugula ngongole zachitetezo cha SME ndi zinthu zina zabizinesi. Kumbali yake, boma liyenera kuyikiranso patsogolo njira zake zogwiritsira ntchito kulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kupanga chuma.
Lingaliro lakhala likupezeka kwa akatswiri azachuma komanso owonetsa msika kuti zochitika zokhazokha zachuma zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi ndalama wamba zofananira kwanthawi yayitali yachuma. Mwachitsanzo, UK idakumana ndi mavuto azachuma eyiti kuyambira pomwe nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse idatha, komabe, nthawi ino ikumveka mosiyana. Palibe kutsika kwakale komwe akatswiri azachuma amakayikira momwe capitalist ikukhalira ndi moyo atapulumutsidwa ndi kupulumutsidwa kwamitundu yambirimbiri.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachuma kwa 70 chifukwa cha mavuto a mafuta mu 1973. Zinatengera magawo 14 kuti GDP ibwezeretsereko kumayambiliro atatha 'kuviika kawiri'. Kuchuluka kwachuma kwakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi mfundo zaboma zochepetsera kukwera kwamitengo, kudatenga magawo khumi ndi atatu kuti GDP ibwezeretsere, koma kotala 13 yokwanira ya GDP kuti ibwerere pomwe inali koyambirira kwachuma. Chuma chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 chomwe chidachitika chifukwa chachuma ndi ngongole zaku US zidawona kuti mapindu amakampani atsika ndi 90%. Ulova ukuwonjezeka ndi 25% kuchoka pa 55% ya anthu ogwira ntchito mu 6.9 mpaka 1990% mu 10.7 ndipo adatenga magawo 1993 a GDP kuti abwezeretsere kumayambiriro kwachuma.
Zolemba ziziwonetsa kuti Kubwerera Kwakukulu Kwambiri kudayamba ndikutha kuyambira 2008-2009. Komabe mwanjira yodabwitsa chifukwa chake chimanenedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwachuma kwa 2007-2010. Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa GDP, komwe kumayikidwa pa 7.1%, kumangotulutsidwa ndi 8% yomwe idachitika pambuyo pa nkhondo yapadziko lonse 1. Mabuku a mbiriyakale atha kulembanso zolembedwazo pa Kubwerera Kwakukulu, ponena kuti zidayamba kuchokera ku 2008 mpaka ku Europe ndi boma la USA. pamapeto pake ndipo mogwirizana adagwirizana kuti adzutse dongosolo ndi capital zomwe pamapeto pake zinafika ku 'Main Street'. Katemera wa ma trilioni ambiri adalipira malipiro ndikuthandizira kulemba ngongole zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi "Joe wamba". Pomwe mabanki akuluakulu komanso mabungwe ogulitsa ndalama adalemba kwambiri ngongole zawo, ma bond ndi katundu wa circa 60% zomwe zimabwezeretsedwazo zidapangitsa kuti zinthu ziyambenso kuyenda bwino padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyambiranso kuyambitsenso.
Ife tiri mu ndalama, ife tiri mu ndalama;
Tili ndi zambiri zomwe zimatengera kuti tigwirizane!
Tili mu ndalama, thambo ladzuwa,
Mwamuna wamwamuna wachikulire Wodandaula mukudutsa, mwatilakwira.
Sitikuwona mutu wapadera wonena za breadlines lero.
Ndipo pamene tiwona mwini nyumbayo tingamuyang'ane munthuyo.
Tili ndi ndalama, bwerani, wokondedwa wanga,
Tiyeni tiubwereke, tiugwiritse ntchito, tiutumize tikugudubuzika!
O, inde tili mu ndalamazo, mumakhala pa ndalama,
Tili ndi zambiri zomwe zimatengera kuti tigwirizane!
Tiyeni tipite mu ndalama, Tawonani kumwamba kuli dzuwa,
Mwamuna wamwamuna wachikulire Wodandaula mukudutsa, mwatilakwira.
Sitikuwona mutu wapadera wonena za breadlines lero.
Ndipo pamene tiwona mwini nyumbayo tingamuyang'ane munthuyo
Tili ndi ndalama, bwerani, wokondedwa wanga,
Tiyeni tiigwiritse ntchito, tibwereketse, titumize kuzungulira!
"Tili mu Ndalama," nyimbo za Al Dubin, nyimbo za Harry Warren (kuchokera mufilimu ya Gold Diggers. 1933)
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