Ssshhh..fada shi a hankali amma wannan wahalar “kaya” kawai baya aiki. Ba za ku taɓa tsammani ba amma yanzu, kamar misali Spain ta koma cikin mummunan ci gaba kuma 51.5% na samari ba su da aikin yi, sune manya da ƙimar IMF, EU, ECB da Bankin Duniya. to tambaya da 'hikima' na austerity.
Wannan haka ne, abin damuwa ne na tattalin arziki, wanda hatta yaran makarantar sakandare masu karatun tattalin arziki zasu iya gano ba zai yi aiki ba, baya aiki. Yanke miliyoyin ayyuka, yanke kashe kuɗaɗen jama'a kuma mutane ba za su iya ciyarwa ko ba za su iya ciyarwa ba (saboda tsananin tsoron rashin tsaro na tattalin arziki) da kuma tattalin arziƙin da ke cike da `` austerical '' akida, wanda aka kawo tare da irin wannan kishin addini ta hanyar sojojin fasaha kayan aiki, sami kayan baya. Wani koma bayan tattalin arziki yanzu ya dawo kan rarar Eurozone ko da kuwa ana tunanin warware 'ƙaramin' batun Girka a wannan makon.
Yep, ba mu taɓa ganin zuwan wannan ba ko? Yayyafa ka'idojin haɓaka girma, kamar jefa mai kashe sako a kan lawn mai kyau a lokacin bazara, kuma sakamakon na iya zama raguwa. Babban abin damuwar shi ne cewa masu harkar banki da siyasa sun “ga ta nan tafe” sun san hakikanin abin da zai faru da tattalin arziki da kuma kau da jin dadin 'yan kasar na PIIGS idan aka gabatar da wadannan matakan na neman kudi, amma sun bi ta hanyar tura su shine adana tsarin, tsarin su, ba tare da la'akari da farashin da yawancin zasu biya ƙarshe don tsararraki masu zuwa ba.
Duk da yawan bugun hannu da annabcin bala'i da shugabanninmu na siyasa suka fuskanta a cikin 2008-2009 akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a gyara tsarin kuɗi ba tare da gyara hanyoyin da gwamnatocin yamma suka fi so ba. Kada mu manta da cewa har yanzu Asiya tana nufin yiwuwar faduwa a shekarar 2008-2009 a matsayin "rikicin banki na yamma". Kuma kamar yadda da yawa daga cikinmu suka kasance cikin wahala don nunawa a cikin 2008-2009 don guje wa babban koma bayan tattalin arziki sannan kuma zai iya samun sakamako wanda ba a tsammani a cikin yanayin tsananin damuwa daga baya ..
Tabbatar da madadin shine kuma ya kasance Iceland. Ya kasance baƙar fata ta yau da kullun daga labarai dangane da yadda Iceland ta murmure kuma a cikin wannan yanayi mai ban mamaki kasancewar ɗan gajeren ɗan gajeren lokacin da ya wuce. Duk da cewa masu yanke shawara a Iceland 'ba su bai wa tsarin banki na duniya baki daya yatsa ba, (sun amince da ba da tallafi na IMF a miliyoyin sabanin biliyoyin) sun dauki bugu kuma sun murmure. Bankunan su da mafi mahimmanci masu hannun jarin da suka ɗauki kasada, sun kasance ga dukkan alamu an kawar da su.
Iceland ba ta yiwa bankunan banki ba kuma suna fuskantar ci gaba na 3% (kuma babu matakan tsuke bakin aljihun komai), wannan ya ninka matakin 'ci gaban' Spain sau goma. Yanzu kamar yadda Iceland ta kasance, (kamar yadda aka yi mana jagora a lokacin) kasar da ke cikin mawuyacin hali, tabbas farfadowar su, cikin kankanin lokaci, ya tabbatar da cewa belin bankuna; canja wurin bashi ga masu biyan haraji da kuma kiranta bashi mai cikakken iko da tsaurara matakan tsuke bakin aljihu, a zahirin gaskiya kashe kansa ne na tattalin arziki.
Lallai ya cancanci ɗaukar lokaci don yin la'akari da halin Iceland da na Spain, Girka, Ireland, Italiya da Portugal..oh da Faransa. Abin da ke biyo baya shine taƙaitaccen tarihin rikicin da ra'ayin manyan mutane irin su Joseph Sitglitz wanda zaku iya kallon ƙasa: "Darasi daga rikicin tattalin arzikin Iceland", "Rikicin Iceland da murmurewa"
Rikicin Iceland
Rikicin kuɗi na 2008-2009 Icelandic ya kasance babban rikicin tattalin arziki da siyasa a Iceland wanda ya haɗa da durƙushewar manyan bankunan kasuwanci na ƙasar guda uku biyo bayan matsalolin da suka fuskanta na sake sabunta bashin su na ɗan gajeren lokaci da gudanar da ajiya a cikin United Kingdom. Dangane da girman tattalin arzikinta, durkushewar banki a Iceland shine mafi girma da kowace ƙasa ta sha wahala a tarihin tattalin arziki.
Rikicin kuɗi a Iceland yana da mummunan sakamako ga tattalin arzikin Icelandic. Kudin ƙasar ya faɗi da daraja ƙwarai, kusan an dakatar da ma'amalar kuɗin waje har tsawon makonni, kuma ƙididdigar kasuwar musayar hannayen jari ta Icelandic ta faɗi da fiye da 90%. Sakamakon rikicin, Iceland ta fada cikin matsin tattalin arziki; yawan kuɗin da ƙasar ke samu ya ragu da kashi 5.5% a zahiri a cikin farkon watanni shida na 2009. Har yanzu ba a iya tantance cikakken kuɗin rikicin ba, amma tuni ƙididdigar ta nuna cewa ya wuce kashi 75% na GDP na ƙasar na 2007. A wajen Iceland, sama da masu ajiya miliyan (sama da yawan mutanen Iceland) sun sami asusun ajiyar banki a daskararre yayin wata takaddama ta diflomasiyya kan inshorar ajiya. Bankin Jamus BayernLB ya fuskanci asara har zuwa € biliyan 1.5 kuma dole ne ya nemi taimako daga gwamnatin tarayyar ta Jamus. Gwamnatin Isle of Man ta biya rabin adadin ajiyarta, kwatankwacin kashi 7.5% na GDP na tsibirin, a cikin inshorar ajiya.
Matsayin kudi na Iceland ya ci gaba da inganta a hankali tun bayan hatsarin. Rikicin tattalin arziki da hauhawar rashin aikin yi ga alama an kama su ne a ƙarshen 2010 kuma tare da ci gaban da ke gudana a tsakiyar 2011. Manyan dalilai guda uku sun kasance masu mahimmanci a wannan batun…
Da farko dai dokar ta baci da majalisar dokokin Iceland ta zartar a watan Oktoba na 2008 wanda ya yi aiki don rage tasirin matsalar kudi a kasar. Hukumar Kula da Kudi ta Iceland ta yi amfani da dokar ta baci don karbe ayyukan cikin gida na manyan bankuna uku. Manyan ayyukan bankunan da suka fi girma sun shiga karɓa.
Abu mai mahimmanci na biyu shi ne nasarar IMF Stand-By-Arrangement a cikin kasar tun Nuwamba Nuwamba 2008. SBA ta hada da ginshikai guda uku. Rukunin farko shiri ne na ingantaccen tsarin kasafin kudi, wanda ya shafi matakan tsuke bakin aljihu da kuma karin haraji. Sakamakon ya kasance cewa basusukan gwamnatin tsakiya sun daidaita a kusan kashi 80-90 na GDP. Ginshiƙi na biyu shine tashin matattarar ingantaccen tsarin banki na cikin gida. Ginshiƙi na uku shine ƙaddamar da ikon sarrafa kuɗi da aiki don ɗaga waɗannan sannu a hankali don dawo da alaƙar kuɗi ta yau da kullun tare da duniyar waje. Babban mahimmin sakamako na dokar ta baci da SBA shine cewa ƙasar ba ta sha wahala sosai game da rikicin bashin ƙasashen Turai daga 2010.
Duk da takaddama mai rikitarwa da Birtaniyya da Netherlands game da batun garanti na kasa a kan kudin kasar na Icesave na Landsbanki a cikin wadannan kasashe, musanya canjin bashi a kan bashin Icelandic ya karu a hankali daga sama da maki 1000 kafin faduwar jirgin a 2008 zuwa kusan maki 200 a watan Yunin 2011. Gaskiyar cewa kadarorin ɓarkewar reshe na Landsbanki yanzu an kiyasta su rufe yawancin da'awar masu ajiya yana da tasiri don sauƙaƙa damuwa kan halin da ake ciki.
A ƙarshe, babban abu na uku da ke bayan warware matsalar rashin kuɗi shi ne shawarar da gwamnatin Iceland ta yanke don neman shiga cikin EU a cikin Yulin 2009. An bayyana wata alama ta nasarar yayin da gwamnatin Icelandic ta samu nasarar tara dala biliyan 1 tare da batun lamuni a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2011. Wannan ci gaban ya nuna cewa masu saka hannun jari na duniya sun ba gwamnati da sabon tsarin banki, tare da manyan bankuna biyu daga cikin uku a yanzu a hannun kasashen waje, tsabtace doka.
Joseph Stiglitz - "Darasi daga rikicin tattalin arzikin Iceland"
Shin murmurewar Iceland ta maida su Yaro na ainihi don Haɗarin Kuɗi?
Janairu 30 • Sharhin kasuwancin • Ra'ayoyin 10648 • 1 Comment a Shin Maido da Iceland ya sanya su zama Yaro na gaske don Haɗuwar Kuɗi?
Ssshhh..fada shi a hankali amma wannan wahalar “kaya” kawai baya aiki. Ba za ku taɓa tsammani ba amma yanzu, kamar misali Spain ta koma cikin mummunan ci gaba kuma 51.5% na samari ba su da aikin yi, sune manya da ƙimar IMF, EU, ECB da Bankin Duniya. to tambaya da 'hikima' na austerity.
Wannan haka ne, abin damuwa ne na tattalin arziki, wanda hatta yaran makarantar sakandare masu karatun tattalin arziki zasu iya gano ba zai yi aiki ba, baya aiki. Yanke miliyoyin ayyuka, yanke kashe kuɗaɗen jama'a kuma mutane ba za su iya ciyarwa ko ba za su iya ciyarwa ba (saboda tsananin tsoron rashin tsaro na tattalin arziki) da kuma tattalin arziƙin da ke cike da `` austerical '' akida, wanda aka kawo tare da irin wannan kishin addini ta hanyar sojojin fasaha kayan aiki, sami kayan baya. Wani koma bayan tattalin arziki yanzu ya dawo kan rarar Eurozone ko da kuwa ana tunanin warware 'ƙaramin' batun Girka a wannan makon.
Yep, ba mu taɓa ganin zuwan wannan ba ko? Yayyafa ka'idojin haɓaka girma, kamar jefa mai kashe sako a kan lawn mai kyau a lokacin bazara, kuma sakamakon na iya zama raguwa. Babban abin damuwar shi ne cewa masu harkar banki da siyasa sun “ga ta nan tafe” sun san hakikanin abin da zai faru da tattalin arziki da kuma kau da jin dadin 'yan kasar na PIIGS idan aka gabatar da wadannan matakan na neman kudi, amma sun bi ta hanyar tura su shine adana tsarin, tsarin su, ba tare da la'akari da farashin da yawancin zasu biya ƙarshe don tsararraki masu zuwa ba.
Duk da yawan bugun hannu da annabcin bala'i da shugabanninmu na siyasa suka fuskanta a cikin 2008-2009 akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a gyara tsarin kuɗi ba tare da gyara hanyoyin da gwamnatocin yamma suka fi so ba. Kada mu manta da cewa har yanzu Asiya tana nufin yiwuwar faduwa a shekarar 2008-2009 a matsayin "rikicin banki na yamma". Kuma kamar yadda da yawa daga cikinmu suka kasance cikin wahala don nunawa a cikin 2008-2009 don guje wa babban koma bayan tattalin arziki sannan kuma zai iya samun sakamako wanda ba a tsammani a cikin yanayin tsananin damuwa daga baya ..
Tabbatar da madadin shine kuma ya kasance Iceland. Ya kasance baƙar fata ta yau da kullun daga labarai dangane da yadda Iceland ta murmure kuma a cikin wannan yanayi mai ban mamaki kasancewar ɗan gajeren ɗan gajeren lokacin da ya wuce. Duk da cewa masu yanke shawara a Iceland 'ba su bai wa tsarin banki na duniya baki daya yatsa ba, (sun amince da ba da tallafi na IMF a miliyoyin sabanin biliyoyin) sun dauki bugu kuma sun murmure. Bankunan su da mafi mahimmanci masu hannun jarin da suka ɗauki kasada, sun kasance ga dukkan alamu an kawar da su.
Iceland ba ta yiwa bankunan banki ba kuma suna fuskantar ci gaba na 3% (kuma babu matakan tsuke bakin aljihun komai), wannan ya ninka matakin 'ci gaban' Spain sau goma. Yanzu kamar yadda Iceland ta kasance, (kamar yadda aka yi mana jagora a lokacin) kasar da ke cikin mawuyacin hali, tabbas farfadowar su, cikin kankanin lokaci, ya tabbatar da cewa belin bankuna; canja wurin bashi ga masu biyan haraji da kuma kiranta bashi mai cikakken iko da tsaurara matakan tsuke bakin aljihu, a zahirin gaskiya kashe kansa ne na tattalin arziki.
Lallai ya cancanci ɗaukar lokaci don yin la'akari da halin Iceland da na Spain, Girka, Ireland, Italiya da Portugal..oh da Faransa. Abin da ke biyo baya shine taƙaitaccen tarihin rikicin da ra'ayin manyan mutane irin su Joseph Sitglitz wanda zaku iya kallon ƙasa: "Darasi daga rikicin tattalin arzikin Iceland", "Rikicin Iceland da murmurewa"
Rikicin Iceland
Rikicin kuɗi na 2008-2009 Icelandic ya kasance babban rikicin tattalin arziki da siyasa a Iceland wanda ya haɗa da durƙushewar manyan bankunan kasuwanci na ƙasar guda uku biyo bayan matsalolin da suka fuskanta na sake sabunta bashin su na ɗan gajeren lokaci da gudanar da ajiya a cikin United Kingdom. Dangane da girman tattalin arzikinta, durkushewar banki a Iceland shine mafi girma da kowace ƙasa ta sha wahala a tarihin tattalin arziki.
Rikicin kuɗi a Iceland yana da mummunan sakamako ga tattalin arzikin Icelandic. Kudin ƙasar ya faɗi da daraja ƙwarai, kusan an dakatar da ma'amalar kuɗin waje har tsawon makonni, kuma ƙididdigar kasuwar musayar hannayen jari ta Icelandic ta faɗi da fiye da 90%. Sakamakon rikicin, Iceland ta fada cikin matsin tattalin arziki; yawan kuɗin da ƙasar ke samu ya ragu da kashi 5.5% a zahiri a cikin farkon watanni shida na 2009. Har yanzu ba a iya tantance cikakken kuɗin rikicin ba, amma tuni ƙididdigar ta nuna cewa ya wuce kashi 75% na GDP na ƙasar na 2007. A wajen Iceland, sama da masu ajiya miliyan (sama da yawan mutanen Iceland) sun sami asusun ajiyar banki a daskararre yayin wata takaddama ta diflomasiyya kan inshorar ajiya. Bankin Jamus BayernLB ya fuskanci asara har zuwa € biliyan 1.5 kuma dole ne ya nemi taimako daga gwamnatin tarayyar ta Jamus. Gwamnatin Isle of Man ta biya rabin adadin ajiyarta, kwatankwacin kashi 7.5% na GDP na tsibirin, a cikin inshorar ajiya.
Matsayin kudi na Iceland ya ci gaba da inganta a hankali tun bayan hatsarin. Rikicin tattalin arziki da hauhawar rashin aikin yi ga alama an kama su ne a ƙarshen 2010 kuma tare da ci gaban da ke gudana a tsakiyar 2011. Manyan dalilai guda uku sun kasance masu mahimmanci a wannan batun…
Da farko dai dokar ta baci da majalisar dokokin Iceland ta zartar a watan Oktoba na 2008 wanda ya yi aiki don rage tasirin matsalar kudi a kasar. Hukumar Kula da Kudi ta Iceland ta yi amfani da dokar ta baci don karbe ayyukan cikin gida na manyan bankuna uku. Manyan ayyukan bankunan da suka fi girma sun shiga karɓa.
Abu mai mahimmanci na biyu shi ne nasarar IMF Stand-By-Arrangement a cikin kasar tun Nuwamba Nuwamba 2008. SBA ta hada da ginshikai guda uku. Rukunin farko shiri ne na ingantaccen tsarin kasafin kudi, wanda ya shafi matakan tsuke bakin aljihu da kuma karin haraji. Sakamakon ya kasance cewa basusukan gwamnatin tsakiya sun daidaita a kusan kashi 80-90 na GDP. Ginshiƙi na biyu shine tashin matattarar ingantaccen tsarin banki na cikin gida. Ginshiƙi na uku shine ƙaddamar da ikon sarrafa kuɗi da aiki don ɗaga waɗannan sannu a hankali don dawo da alaƙar kuɗi ta yau da kullun tare da duniyar waje. Babban mahimmin sakamako na dokar ta baci da SBA shine cewa ƙasar ba ta sha wahala sosai game da rikicin bashin ƙasashen Turai daga 2010.
Duk da takaddama mai rikitarwa da Birtaniyya da Netherlands game da batun garanti na kasa a kan kudin kasar na Icesave na Landsbanki a cikin wadannan kasashe, musanya canjin bashi a kan bashin Icelandic ya karu a hankali daga sama da maki 1000 kafin faduwar jirgin a 2008 zuwa kusan maki 200 a watan Yunin 2011. Gaskiyar cewa kadarorin ɓarkewar reshe na Landsbanki yanzu an kiyasta su rufe yawancin da'awar masu ajiya yana da tasiri don sauƙaƙa damuwa kan halin da ake ciki.
A ƙarshe, babban abu na uku da ke bayan warware matsalar rashin kuɗi shi ne shawarar da gwamnatin Iceland ta yanke don neman shiga cikin EU a cikin Yulin 2009. An bayyana wata alama ta nasarar yayin da gwamnatin Icelandic ta samu nasarar tara dala biliyan 1 tare da batun lamuni a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2011. Wannan ci gaban ya nuna cewa masu saka hannun jari na duniya sun ba gwamnati da sabon tsarin banki, tare da manyan bankuna biyu daga cikin uku a yanzu a hannun kasashen waje, tsabtace doka.
Joseph Stiglitz - "Darasi daga rikicin tattalin arzikin Iceland"
www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaZQSmsWj1g
kankarajoseph stiglitz
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