Septhemba 14 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-14799 • 4 Amazwana kundiza yemali nokudonsa amazinyo egolide
Kunezinto ezenzeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu ezisathuliswayo, isihloko siwukubaleka kwemali futhi sisebhokisini elifanayo likaPandora lokuxoxisana ngezifundo ohulumeni namabhange amakhulu bangavele bangabi yingxenye yesidlo sasemini noma izingxoxo zokutshalwa kwezimali etafuleni lesidlo phakathi kwabantu. .
“Ngakho ngaphuthuma ngehla ngaya eBarclays ngesikhathi sokudla kwasemini, ngakhipha yonke imali yami, ngathenga noma yiliphi igolide elidala kubathengisi bamasheya, (sebegcwalisa amazinyo manje!), Ngabe sengidlulela esitolo sokushintshanisa imali ngashintshanisa amaphawundi wami ; Ama-Francs, i-Yen, i-Krone, i-Aussies ne-Loonies..i-bloke engemuva kwekhawunta ekugcineni ime ne "Loonies Sir" ekhubazekile. ngiyadlala manje, ngicabanga ukuthi ekugcineni uyakuthola. ”
“Kuyasixaka ukuthi baphikelela kanjani kumazisi wepasipoti esitolo semali ukuze nje bashintshe ama-quid angamakhulu ambalwa. Mhlawumbe ukukufihla ngaphansi kombhede akuwona umqondo omuhle kangako, mhlawumbe 'amaphoyisa emali' azofika azongivusa phakathi kobusuku afune ukuthi angibuyise, noma anginikeze isexwayiso ngenkathi ngiwuguqula ube owesabekayo ngenkathi ethatha konke igolide lami..hahahaha, lokho ngeke kuze kwenzeke..ngabe kuzokwenzeka? ”
Indiza yemali ibonakala yenzeka emazingeni amaningi, kusuka ezikhungweni zamabhange kuya kubabhaki ukwethenjwa kwezimali ezahlukahlukene zezwe noma zamazwe, imali yenzalo enikezwayo, kanye nokuphepha okuphelele kumele kube sezingeni elingakatholakali kusukela enkingeni yamabhange yango-2008-2009. I-buzz yakamuva, eguqula futhi ifake ezimali zaseScandinavia njengendawo ephephile, ingaqoqa ijubane ikakhulukazi manje i-franc yaseSwitzerland (okwesikhashana noma ngenye indlela) ilahlekelwe yindawo yayo ephephile ngenkathi i-yen ingakwazi ukugcina isimo sayo sokuhlala njalo.
Empeleni incazelo “yezindawo zokonga” (ezikhathini zanamuhla) ingachazwa kahle, izimali kungenzeka zibe `` kumjaho oya ezansi '' njengoba abatshali bezimali bezikhungo befuna izindlela 'ezinhle kakhulu kunazo zonke' ezitholakalayo. Akukona ukuthi kunokholo enqubweni kahulumeni waseJapan, noma abatshalizimali bacabanga ukuthi ibhange elikhulu laseSwitzerland lisebenzise ukuphathwa okuhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sezinkinga kusukela ngo-2008, isimo se-yen nama-francs sikhona ngoba akuwona ama-euro, ama-sterling, noma amadola ase-USA.
Amabhange ase-Europe alahlekelwa yimali ebibanjelwe kakhulu, inkinga yezikweletu ishiye iningi lababeka imali ezikhungweni nabazimele. Imali emabhange aseGrisi yehle ngo-19% onyakeni odlule, ukwehla kwamadiphozithi emabhange ase-Ireland bekumangalisa, kusondele ku-40% ezinyangeni eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili ezedlule. Amafemu ezezimali e-EU abolekana kancane ngenkathi amafemu emakethe yezimali ase-USA ekunciphise kakhulu ukuvezwa kwawo emabhange amaningi ase-Europe. Lokhu kuziphatha nokuntuleka kokuthembana kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuyizimpawu zezinyanga ezedlule ngaphambi kokwehla kwesikweletu kuka-2007-2009.
Ngenkathi i-ECB inyukele epuletini ukuze inikeze usizo olungafika kuma- € 500 billion, amabhange afanayo ayaboleka abolekisa ngemali, ukuzama ukuhlala ekuthelelweni kwemali eyengeziwe ngenkathi amadiphozithi ekhipha imali engenakugcinwa.
Lokhu kushoda kokuthembana nokufaka imali ezindizeni ezweni akusikho kuphela ukulondolozwa kwamabhange aseGrisi nawase-Ireland noma amanye amabhange e-PIIGS, i-Germany ibhekane nokuwa kwamaphesenti ayishumi nambili yizikhungo zezezimali kusukela ngo-2010 nokwehla ngama-28% kusukela ngo-2008. yehle ngo-6% kusukela ngo-2010 kanti iSpain ibhekane nokwehla okungu-14% kusukela ngoMeyi 2010. Kepha nasi isixakaxaka esimangazayo nokuqhathanisa ukuthi kungani, naphezu kokuzibophezela kohulumeni abafana ne-UK ne-ECB ukwahlukanisa imali yokuthengisa nokutshala imali, kumele kufanele ukhathazeke maqondana nabantu abazimele abalandela indlela yokuziphatha kwezikhungo zezezimali. E-Italy amadiphozi okudayisa ehle ngo-1% kuphela kusukela ngo-2010, kepha okunye okuphumayo kwabafaka izikhungo kwehle ngama- € 100 billion ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehla okungu-13% okuqinisekiswe yidatha yeBhange lase-Italy ne-ECB. Uma abatshalizimali abancane bethatha izindlela ezifanayo zokubalekela izindiza njengezikhungo izinhlokodolobha zamabhange zingahlolwa kanzima. Izinombolo zamadiphozithi ezitolo kuphela kunzima ukuqinisa, kepha-ke, ukuhlakanipha okwamukelwe ukuthi zibala cishe i-10% yengqikithi. Abatshalizimali abathengisayo e-Italy futhi banesikweletu esingange-63% sesikweletu sasebhange ngesimo samabhondi, uma benikezwe ukuthi 'bathembisa ukukhokha' kuze kufike ku-5% uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso esingu-0.88% emalini ejwayelekile efaka ukukhanga kusobala. Kodwa-ke, indiza yezwe evela kumabhange ase-Italy ngamakhasimende athengisayo ingaba ukuphela.
Amabhange ase-Europe ayaqhubeka nokuya e-ECB ukuthola usizo, amabhange aseGrisi nawase-Ireland athathe imali eyi- € 100 billion ngo-Agasti kanti iPortugal neSpain bafana. Imali mboleko eyenziwe ukubuyiselwa kwamabhondi kulesi sigaba ngenkathi ukutheleleka okungenzeka kube khona kuthathwa njengokuyingozi ngokumangazayo lapho abahlaziyi abathile beyifanisa nokupaka udoti kungekho mhlaba obonakalayo. Amabhange angaphandle kweGrisi, i-Ireland, iPortugal neSpain anengcuphe engu- $ 1.7 trillion engozini yemalimboleko kohulumeni balawo mazwe kanye nezinkampani, kanye neziqinisekiso nezinkontileka ezitholakele, ngokusho kweBank for International Settlements. Noma ngubani odidekile kancane ukuthi ingozi ikuphi nokuthi iphilisi lokugcina lingaba yini kunalokho yingakho uTim Geithner eqoqa amamayela akhe omoya futhi eshaya ikhadi le-American Express.
Ababolekisi baseGrisi banama-euro angama-40 billion wesikweletu sikahulumeni wabo. Uma bethatha ukulahleka kwamaphesenti angama-40 noma ngaphezulu kulawo mabhondi, kuzosula yonke inhlokodolobha ephethwe ngamabhange ezwe ngokusho kwe-European Commission. Amabhondi kahulumeni waseGrisi asevele ehlisiwe ngamaphesenti angama-60 emakethe yesibili, ngokusho kwedatha ehlanganiswe yiBloomberg. Ngaphezu kokwesaba ukuguqulwa kwedrarhma, amaGrikhi acebile ahambisa imali ngaphandle kwezwe ukugwema ukuthi ama-akhawunti abo asebhange abe yizinhloso zabaqoqi bentela. Lokhu kushukumiseka kuyasebenza nase-Italy futhi ngokungangabazeki bekuyisiko elithule e-Ireland isikhathi esithile.
Iqiniso lokuthi ababolekisi baseYurophu manje sebephendukele ekukhipheni imali kulesi sifunda kungathathwa njengokukhaphela kokugcina noma okuxakayo kunikezwe izikhungo ukwethemba iFed ngaphezu kwamabhange abo akhipha imali. Imali emabhange angaphandle ayigcina e-US Federal Reserve iphindwe kabili yaya ku- $ 979 billion ekupheleni kuka-Agasti isuka ku- $ 443 billion ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ngokusho kwedatha yeFed. Uma i-ECB ihambisana nalesi senzo khona-ke iluphu lokukhaphela seliphelile. Uma ibhange eliphakathi linokungazethembi emalini yalo uqobo lize libheke iso futhi likhuthaze ngenkuthalo indiza eya kudola lase-USA, nalo empeleni elikhokhisa amadiphozi amakhulu, empeleni linikeza inzalo engemihle ngenzalo yezokuphepha, bese kufinyelelwe ngempela okuphansi okusha noNadir.
Kulabo phakathi kwethu abangakwazi ukufaka ucingo ngezigidigidi noma ngaphezulu ebhange laseNew York laseMellon mhlawumbe isitolo semali, abathengisi bamasheya nomatilasi bangaba yindawo yethu ephephile. Vele uqiniseke ukuthi ufaka iketango lomnyango lapho uphendula umnyango ebusuku futhi njalo ubuze ubufakazi bokuthi ungubani.
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Indiza Yemali nokudonsa Amazinyo Egolide
Septhemba 14 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-14799 • 4 Amazwana kundiza yemali nokudonsa amazinyo egolide
Kunezinto ezenzeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu ezisathuliswayo, isihloko siwukubaleka kwemali futhi sisebhokisini elifanayo likaPandora lokuxoxisana ngezifundo ohulumeni namabhange amakhulu bangavele bangabi yingxenye yesidlo sasemini noma izingxoxo zokutshalwa kwezimali etafuleni lesidlo phakathi kwabantu. .
“Ngakho ngaphuthuma ngehla ngaya eBarclays ngesikhathi sokudla kwasemini, ngakhipha yonke imali yami, ngathenga noma yiliphi igolide elidala kubathengisi bamasheya, (sebegcwalisa amazinyo manje!), Ngabe sengidlulela esitolo sokushintshanisa imali ngashintshanisa amaphawundi wami ; Ama-Francs, i-Yen, i-Krone, i-Aussies ne-Loonies..i-bloke engemuva kwekhawunta ekugcineni ime ne "Loonies Sir" ekhubazekile. ngiyadlala manje, ngicabanga ukuthi ekugcineni uyakuthola. ”
“Kuyasixaka ukuthi baphikelela kanjani kumazisi wepasipoti esitolo semali ukuze nje bashintshe ama-quid angamakhulu ambalwa. Mhlawumbe ukukufihla ngaphansi kombhede akuwona umqondo omuhle kangako, mhlawumbe 'amaphoyisa emali' azofika azongivusa phakathi kobusuku afune ukuthi angibuyise, noma anginikeze isexwayiso ngenkathi ngiwuguqula ube owesabekayo ngenkathi ethatha konke igolide lami..hahahaha, lokho ngeke kuze kwenzeke..ngabe kuzokwenzeka? ”
Indiza yemali ibonakala yenzeka emazingeni amaningi, kusuka ezikhungweni zamabhange kuya kubabhaki ukwethenjwa kwezimali ezahlukahlukene zezwe noma zamazwe, imali yenzalo enikezwayo, kanye nokuphepha okuphelele kumele kube sezingeni elingakatholakali kusukela enkingeni yamabhange yango-2008-2009. I-buzz yakamuva, eguqula futhi ifake ezimali zaseScandinavia njengendawo ephephile, ingaqoqa ijubane ikakhulukazi manje i-franc yaseSwitzerland (okwesikhashana noma ngenye indlela) ilahlekelwe yindawo yayo ephephile ngenkathi i-yen ingakwazi ukugcina isimo sayo sokuhlala njalo.
Empeleni incazelo “yezindawo zokonga” (ezikhathini zanamuhla) ingachazwa kahle, izimali kungenzeka zibe `` kumjaho oya ezansi '' njengoba abatshali bezimali bezikhungo befuna izindlela 'ezinhle kakhulu kunazo zonke' ezitholakalayo. Akukona ukuthi kunokholo enqubweni kahulumeni waseJapan, noma abatshalizimali bacabanga ukuthi ibhange elikhulu laseSwitzerland lisebenzise ukuphathwa okuhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sezinkinga kusukela ngo-2008, isimo se-yen nama-francs sikhona ngoba akuwona ama-euro, ama-sterling, noma amadola ase-USA.
Amabhange ase-Europe alahlekelwa yimali ebibanjelwe kakhulu, inkinga yezikweletu ishiye iningi lababeka imali ezikhungweni nabazimele. Imali emabhange aseGrisi yehle ngo-19% onyakeni odlule, ukwehla kwamadiphozithi emabhange ase-Ireland bekumangalisa, kusondele ku-40% ezinyangeni eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili ezedlule. Amafemu ezezimali e-EU abolekana kancane ngenkathi amafemu emakethe yezimali ase-USA ekunciphise kakhulu ukuvezwa kwawo emabhange amaningi ase-Europe. Lokhu kuziphatha nokuntuleka kokuthembana kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuyizimpawu zezinyanga ezedlule ngaphambi kokwehla kwesikweletu kuka-2007-2009.
Ngenkathi i-ECB inyukele epuletini ukuze inikeze usizo olungafika kuma- € 500 billion, amabhange afanayo ayaboleka abolekisa ngemali, ukuzama ukuhlala ekuthelelweni kwemali eyengeziwe ngenkathi amadiphozithi ekhipha imali engenakugcinwa.
Lokhu kushoda kokuthembana nokufaka imali ezindizeni ezweni akusikho kuphela ukulondolozwa kwamabhange aseGrisi nawase-Ireland noma amanye amabhange e-PIIGS, i-Germany ibhekane nokuwa kwamaphesenti ayishumi nambili yizikhungo zezezimali kusukela ngo-2010 nokwehla ngama-28% kusukela ngo-2008. yehle ngo-6% kusukela ngo-2010 kanti iSpain ibhekane nokwehla okungu-14% kusukela ngoMeyi 2010. Kepha nasi isixakaxaka esimangazayo nokuqhathanisa ukuthi kungani, naphezu kokuzibophezela kohulumeni abafana ne-UK ne-ECB ukwahlukanisa imali yokuthengisa nokutshala imali, kumele kufanele ukhathazeke maqondana nabantu abazimele abalandela indlela yokuziphatha kwezikhungo zezezimali. E-Italy amadiphozi okudayisa ehle ngo-1% kuphela kusukela ngo-2010, kepha okunye okuphumayo kwabafaka izikhungo kwehle ngama- € 100 billion ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwehla okungu-13% okuqinisekiswe yidatha yeBhange lase-Italy ne-ECB. Uma abatshalizimali abancane bethatha izindlela ezifanayo zokubalekela izindiza njengezikhungo izinhlokodolobha zamabhange zingahlolwa kanzima. Izinombolo zamadiphozithi ezitolo kuphela kunzima ukuqinisa, kepha-ke, ukuhlakanipha okwamukelwe ukuthi zibala cishe i-10% yengqikithi. Abatshalizimali abathengisayo e-Italy futhi banesikweletu esingange-63% sesikweletu sasebhange ngesimo samabhondi, uma benikezwe ukuthi 'bathembisa ukukhokha' kuze kufike ku-5% uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso esingu-0.88% emalini ejwayelekile efaka ukukhanga kusobala. Kodwa-ke, indiza yezwe evela kumabhange ase-Italy ngamakhasimende athengisayo ingaba ukuphela.
Amabhange ase-Europe ayaqhubeka nokuya e-ECB ukuthola usizo, amabhange aseGrisi nawase-Ireland athathe imali eyi- € 100 billion ngo-Agasti kanti iPortugal neSpain bafana. Imali mboleko eyenziwe ukubuyiselwa kwamabhondi kulesi sigaba ngenkathi ukutheleleka okungenzeka kube khona kuthathwa njengokuyingozi ngokumangazayo lapho abahlaziyi abathile beyifanisa nokupaka udoti kungekho mhlaba obonakalayo. Amabhange angaphandle kweGrisi, i-Ireland, iPortugal neSpain anengcuphe engu- $ 1.7 trillion engozini yemalimboleko kohulumeni balawo mazwe kanye nezinkampani, kanye neziqinisekiso nezinkontileka ezitholakele, ngokusho kweBank for International Settlements. Noma ngubani odidekile kancane ukuthi ingozi ikuphi nokuthi iphilisi lokugcina lingaba yini kunalokho yingakho uTim Geithner eqoqa amamayela akhe omoya futhi eshaya ikhadi le-American Express.
Ababolekisi baseGrisi banama-euro angama-40 billion wesikweletu sikahulumeni wabo. Uma bethatha ukulahleka kwamaphesenti angama-40 noma ngaphezulu kulawo mabhondi, kuzosula yonke inhlokodolobha ephethwe ngamabhange ezwe ngokusho kwe-European Commission. Amabhondi kahulumeni waseGrisi asevele ehlisiwe ngamaphesenti angama-60 emakethe yesibili, ngokusho kwedatha ehlanganiswe yiBloomberg. Ngaphezu kokwesaba ukuguqulwa kwedrarhma, amaGrikhi acebile ahambisa imali ngaphandle kwezwe ukugwema ukuthi ama-akhawunti abo asebhange abe yizinhloso zabaqoqi bentela. Lokhu kushukumiseka kuyasebenza nase-Italy futhi ngokungangabazeki bekuyisiko elithule e-Ireland isikhathi esithile.
Iqiniso lokuthi ababolekisi baseYurophu manje sebephendukele ekukhipheni imali kulesi sifunda kungathathwa njengokukhaphela kokugcina noma okuxakayo kunikezwe izikhungo ukwethemba iFed ngaphezu kwamabhange abo akhipha imali. Imali emabhange angaphandle ayigcina e-US Federal Reserve iphindwe kabili yaya ku- $ 979 billion ekupheleni kuka-Agasti isuka ku- $ 443 billion ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ngokusho kwedatha yeFed. Uma i-ECB ihambisana nalesi senzo khona-ke iluphu lokukhaphela seliphelile. Uma ibhange eliphakathi linokungazethembi emalini yalo uqobo lize libheke iso futhi likhuthaze ngenkuthalo indiza eya kudola lase-USA, nalo empeleni elikhokhisa amadiphozi amakhulu, empeleni linikeza inzalo engemihle ngenzalo yezokuphepha, bese kufinyelelwe ngempela okuphansi okusha noNadir.
Kulabo phakathi kwethu abangakwazi ukufaka ucingo ngezigidigidi noma ngaphezulu ebhange laseNew York laseMellon mhlawumbe isitolo semali, abathengisi bamasheya nomatilasi bangaba yindawo yethu ephephile. Vele uqiniseke ukuthi ufaka iketango lomnyango lapho uphendula umnyango ebusuku futhi njalo ubuze ubufakazi bokuthi ungubani.
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« Ukungasebenzi eMelika Kuholela Ekwandeni Kobumpofu Igama elithi Bond, i-Eurobond »