Mfowethu, Ungayekela I-Dime?
"Babejwayele ukungitshela ukuthi ngakha iphupho, ngakho-ke ngalandela isixuku,
Lapho kunomhlaba wokulima, noma izibhamu okufanele uziphathe, ngangilapho ngaso sonke isikhathi emsebenzini.
Babevame ukungitshela ukuthi ngakha iphupho,
ngokuthula nenkazimulo ngaphambili,
Kungani kufanele ngime emgqeni,
ngilinde isinkwa nje? "
"Ngathi sengakha ujantshi wesitimela, ngawenza wagijima, ngawenza waqhudelana nesikhathi.
Ngake ngakha ujantshi; manje sekwenziwe. Mfowethu, ungasindisa ngisho indibilishi?
Ngake ngakha umbhoshongo, ofika elangeni, isitini, irivet, nomcako;
Lapho sengakhe umbhoshongo, manje sekuphelile. Mfowethu, awungeke ushiye nesenti? "
Mfowethu, Can You Spare a Dime, "izingoma zikaYip Harburg, umculo kaJay Gorney (1931)
Ngaphandle kwezindaba ezijabulisayo izolo, zokuthi i-USA ibivele ivimbile inhlamvu yokwehla kwamandla omnotho okuphindwe kabili, imibiko yakamuva evela e-US ayihambisani neze nethemba;
Ucwaningo lwakamuva, olwenziwe nguGordon Green noJohn Coder olushicilelwe yiSentier Research, luveze ukuthi imali engenayo yaminyaka yonke (ehlelelwe ukwehla kwamandla emali) yehle ngo-6.7 wamaphesenti phakathi kukaJuni 2009 noJuni 2011, okungaphezulu kokuphindwe kabili ukwehla kwamaphesenti angu-3.2 okwenzeka ngesikhathi somnotho osanda kwedlula . Imali engenayo yonyaka yemindeni yonyaka ingaphansi kwama- $ 49,909 ngoJuni 2011 isuka ku- $ 55,309 ngoDisemba 2007, lapho kuqala ukwehla komnotho. Imindeni yaseMelika iqhubekile nokulahlekelwa umhlaba yize ukukhula (ngokusobala) kuqale kabusha. Ukukhula komnotho engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2011 kumile, kukhuphuka ngamazinga angaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa. Esigabeni sesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwabathengi kukhuphuke ngesilinganiso samaphesenti ayi-0.7 kuphela, esibuthakathaka kakhulu kusukela kwikota yesine yango-2009.
Ukwehluleka kwebhizinisi sekuqala ukusheshisa, ezinye izinkampani ezinamagama amakhulu phakathi kwalabo abalwela ukusinda. I-American Airlines ingadinga ukuya enkantolo ukuyohlela kabusha izinkontileka zayo zabasebenzi, kanti noKodak ukuqinisekisile ukuthi inkampani yabameli eyaziwa ngokuthatha izinkampani ngokuqothuka ibilokhu iseluleka ngecebo njengoba imizamo yayo yokunqoba ukulahleka kwebhizinisi labo lendabuko lokuthwebula izithombe ibukeka izokwehluleka.
Izinkampani ezinhlobonhlobo zamabhizinisi, ikakhulukazi izimboni zezinsizakalo ezifana nokuzilungisa komuntu siqu, izindawo zokuthengisa ezifana nezindawo zokudlela, amandla avuselelekayo, kanye nomkhakha wamaphepha, ziwele ekuvikeleni kweSahluko 11 e-USA ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule. Umnotho obuthaka, ukwehla kwemali esetshenziswa ngabathengi kanye nemikhuba ebolekisayo yokuboleka imali nakho kusongela izinkampani ezidonsa kanzima ezimbonini ezinjengokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi, ezokuvakasha, ezezindaba, ezamandla kanye nezakhiwo. Futhi izindlu ezithengisa izindlu zisahleli lapho njengendoda ebusayo ekhoneni engeke ihambe. Kunezindawo eziningana zase-USA ezinamanani entengo asondele noma abuyele emazingeni ka-1999, futhi lokho kuyinkinga enkulu ehlezi lapho kubhalansi leFed njengoba bethenga okuningi kwalesi 'subunk' emabhange emizuliswaneni edlule yeQE.
Ngaphandle komkhuba wokusola nokukhomba ngomunwe ohlangothini lwaseYurophu noma eChina ukwehluleka kwezinkampani i-USA njengamanje okubhekene nakho kakhulu kuyizinto ezikhuliswe ekhaya nezihlanganisiwe. Izinkampani eziyishumi okungenani ezinezimpahla ezingama- $ 100 ezigcwaliselwe ukuqothuka ngoSepthemba, okuyizinombolo eziningi kakhulu kusukela kwayishumi nesikhombisa efakwe ngo-Ephreli, okuyinyanga ematasa kakhulu kusukela ngo-2009, ngokusho kwedatha etholakala ku-bankruptcydata.com. Ukuqothuka kwamanje kufaka phakathi umenzi wamaphepha wamaphephabhuku acwebezelayo iNewPage Corp, (ukuqothuka okukhulu konyaka) kanye nenkampani enkulu kunazo zonke engeyona eyezimali efaka kusukela ngo-2009; I-Graceway Pharmaceuticals, eyenza okhilimu besikhumba; UHussey Copper, owenza imigoqo yethusi esetshenziswe kuma-switchboards, kanye ne-Dallas Stars yeNational Hockey League. Kakade ngo-Okthoba, izinkampani ezinhlanu ezinezimpahla ezingaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-100 sezifake izicelo zokuqothuka, kufaka phakathi i-Friendly's ice cream chain kanye nenkampani ye-broadband engenantambo i-Open Range Communications.
Imakethe yama-bond manje isentengo engcupheni yamaphesenti ayisithupha engcupheni yokwehla kwamandla omnotho ngokusebenzisa inkomba yemakethe yezibopho eye yabikezela konke ukwehla kwamandla emali e-US kusukela ngo-1970, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Treasury yield curve. Amanani esikhathi esifushane abephakeme kakhulu kunesivuno sesikhathi eside, noma aguquliwe, ngaphambi kokwehla kwamandla omnotho okuyisikhombisa kusukela ngo-1970. Isivumelwano senza kube nzima e-US ukunciphisa ukungasebenzi, okuye kwagcina noma ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti ayi-9 njalo ngenyanga ngaphandle kwamabili kusukela Meyi 2009, kufaka phakathi ukufundwa kwamaphesenti ayi-9.1 ngoSepthemba.
AmaShayina aze alokotha ukuphimisela igama elithi 'D' esiqondisweni sase-USA ngendlela yokuphawula ngolimi lwesiShayina oluvela eXinhua;
Kwakunezimo ezifanayo ngawo-1930. Umnotho wase-United States kanye nomnotho womhlaba wehlukile kunalowo we-1930s, kepha ukubheka emuva emlandweni kungasiza iSenate yase-US ukubona izinkinga, ukuphikisana nobungozi besikweletu semali. I-China inesisho esidala sokuthi umuntu kufanele asebenzise umlando njengesibuko ukuqonda ukukhula nokuwa kwamazwe. Siyethemba ukuthi labo sopolitiki baseMelika abakhala ngenkani ukuphoqa i-renminbi ukuthi bayazise bazongena ezifundweni zomlando futhi baqondise amazwi okucabanga, futhi bangenzi isenzo esiyisiwula esizolimaza abantu babo kanye nabanye.
Isihlenga 'sezinkomba zokwehla komnotho' asikhona e-USA kuphela, e-UK ngoLwesibili ekuseni umbiko uveze ukuthi ezinye izingane ezingama-600,000 zizofakwa ebuphofini njengoba imali engenayo eBrithani yehla ngamaphesenti ayisikhombisa phakathi kuka-2009-10 no-2012- 13 futhi uhulumeni ushintsha uhlelo lwezenhlalakahle. I-Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) ithe ukuwa kube kukhulu kakhulu eminyakeni engu-35.
Lokhu "kuwa okungakaze kubonwe emazingeni okuphila" kungabangelwa ukukhuphuka kwamanani emali aphezulu kanye nokukhula kwemiholo ebuthakathaka ngemuva komnotho ojulile. Baphinde bathi izinguquko eziphakanyiswe nguhulumeni wobumbano zizokhuphula ubuphofu bezingane ngokuphelele (lapho imali engenayo yemindeni ingaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-60 emali engenayo ephakathi kuka-2010-11, ehlelelwe ukwehla kwamandla emali) ngo-200,000 ngo-2015-16 kanye nangama-300,000 ngo-2020-21.
Kubikezela ukuthi izingane eziyizigidi eziyi-3.1, noma ezingaphezudlwana kwamaphesenti angama-23, zezingane eBrithani zizobe zihlupheka ngokuphelele ngonyaka ka-2013, zisuka ezigidini ezingama-2.5 (amaphesenti ayi-19.3) ngo-2010, kanti izigidi eziyi-3.1 zisazoba sebuphofini ngokuphelele ngo-2020. kusho ukuthi uhulumeni uzophuthelwa umugqa obanzi obekuhlosiwe, okuvunyelwene ngakho ngomthetho ngonyaka odlule ngokuxhaswa yiwo wonke amaqembu ezepolitiki, wokuqeda ubuphofu bezingane ngokuphelele bube ngaphansi kwamaphesenti amahlanu ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi.
Ucwaningo Lwakamuva Lwezomnotho Oluvela Kwikota yaseBrithani luphakamisa ukuthi kunosongo lwangempela lokwehla kwamandla emali okubili. Ngemuva kokuhlola amafemu angaphezu kwezi-6,000, ithi amabhizinisi awazethembi futhi akhathazekile ngezinkinga ezikhona e-euro.
UDavid Kern, oyi-Chief Economist ye-BCC, uthe:
Imiphumela ye-Q3 QES ikhomba ekuwohlokeni kwesimo sezomnotho, ngokuqondene nezimpawu zokumiswa komnotho wasekhaya. Izilinganiso eziphoxayo ze-Q3 ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokutshalwa kwemali ezitshalweni nasemishini, ziphakamisa ukuthi ukulinganiswa kabusha okudingeka kakhulu komnotho wase-UK akukenzeki. Izilinganiso ezingekho emthethweni zokuhamba kwemali zikhomba ukuthi amafemu abhekene nengcindezi yangempela yezezimali.
Amabhalansi we-oda lasekhaya abheke phambili ahanjiswe endaweni engeyinhle, kukho kokubili ukukhiqiza nezinsizakalo, okukhomba ebungozini bokwehla komnotho. Yize ukwehla kwamandla omnotho kungagwenywa, ngokwesisekelo sale miphumela izibikezelo zethu zokukhula ezikhishwe ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba kungenzeka zibuyekezwe ziye phansi kuzo zombili unyaka wezi-2011 nowezi-2012.
Ngokunikwa kwesimo esiwohloka samazwe omhlaba kanye nezinkinga ezinzima ezibhekene ne-Eurozone, kunesidingo esicacile sokuthi i-MPC nohulumeni benze yonke imizamo yokugwema izingozi zokwehla kwamandla omnotho. Ukwanda kwamuva kohlelo lwe-QE kuya ku- £ 275 billion kuyamukelwa, kepha kudingeka izinyathelo ezinqala. Lokhu kufanele kugxile kakhulu ekuthengeni imalimboleko yama-SME evikelekile nezinye izimpahla zomkhakha ozimele. Ngasohlangothini lwakhe, uhulumeni kumele abeke phambili izinhlelo zakhe zokusebenzisa imali ukukhuthaza ukukhula nokwakhiwa komnotho.
Umcabango ufikile kosomnotho abaningi kanye nabahlaziyi bezimakethe ukuthi izehlakalo ezihlukanisiwe zokukhubazeka kwezomnotho ezivezwe ngenhla zimane nje ziyimali ejwayelekile yokwehla kwemvelo nokugeleza kwanoma yiziphi izikhathi zokwehla kwamandla emali. Isibonelo, i-UK ibhekane nokwehla kwezomnotho okuyisishiyagalombili selokhu kwaphela impi yezwe yesi-2, kodwa-ke kulokhu izizwa yehlukile impela. Akukho ukwehla kwamandla omnotho kwangaphambilini lapho osomnotho bengabaza amandla ohlelo lobungxiwankulu okusinda ngemuva kokutakulwa ngokusindiswa ngezigidigidi zamarandi.
'Imbangela' yokwehla kwamandla omnotho kwama-70 kuthiwa yimbangela yenkinga ka-1973 kawoyela. Kuthathe amakota ayi-14 ukuthi i-GDP ibuyiselwe kulokho ekuqaleni kokwehla kwamandla omnotho ngemuva 'kokuphinda kabili'. Ukuwohloka komnotho kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-80, okwabangelwa yizinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zokunciphisa ukwehla kwamandla emali, kwathatha amakota ayi-13 ukuze i-GDP ibuye, kepha amakota ayi-18 aphelele we-GDP ukubuyela lapho yayikhona ekuqaleni komnotho. Ukwehla kwamandla omnotho kweminyaka yama-90 kubangelwe yinhlekelele yokonga neyokubolekisa yaseMelika lapho imali etholwa yinkampani yehle ngama-25%. Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kukhuphuke ngama-55% kusuka ku-6.9% wabantu abasebenza ngo-1990 kuya ku-10.7% ngo-1993 futhi kwathatha amakota ayi-13 e-GDP ukubuyela kulokho ekuqaleni komnotho.
Amarekhodi azophakamisa ukuthi Ukwehla Komnotho Okukhulu kwaqala futhi kwaphela kusukela ngo-2008-2009. Kodwa-ke ngendlela exakile imbangela ibangelwa yingozi yezimali yango-2007-2010. Ukwehliswa okuphezulu kwe-GDP, okubekwe ku-7.1%, 'kubhejwa' kuphela yi-8% etholwe ngemuva kwempi yezwe 1. Izincwadi zomlando zingamane ziphinde zibhale amanothi ku-Great Recession, zithi zaqala kusukela ngo-2008 futhi zaqhubeka kwaze kwaba yiYurophu kanye ne-USA govts. Ekugcineni futhi ngenqubomgomo ebumbene kwavunyelwana ukuvuselela uhlelo ngezimali ezagcina zifinyelele e-'Main Street '. Umjovo wama-trillion amaningi wadonsa umholo futhi wasiza ekucimeni isikweletu esilinganisiwe kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali sika "Joe ojwayelekile". Ngenkathi amabhange amakhulu kanye nezinkampani zotshalomali zibhale phansi kakhulu izimalimboleko zabo, amabhondi kanye nempahla engaba ngu-60% ukususwa kabusha kwamanani kubangele ukususwa okuyimpumelelo kulo lonke uhlelo lwezezimali lomhlaba wonke okuvumela ukusethwa kabusha nokuhleleka ukuthi kwenzeke kabusha.
Sisemalini, sisemalini;
Sinezinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze sizwane!
Sisemalini, lelozulu libalele,
Ukudangala Kwendoda Endala osudlulile, usenze kabi.
Asikaze sisibone isihlokwana esimayelana nezinkwa zomugqa namuhla.
Futhi lapho sibona umninikhaya singambheka lowo mfana emehlweni.
Sisemalini, woza s'thandwa sami,
Masiyiboleke, siyisebenzise, siyithumele siginqika ndawonye!
O, yebo sisemalini, ubheja ukuthi sisemalini,
Sinezinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze sizwane!
Asihambe sisemalini, Bheka phezulu isibhakabhaka libalele,
Ukudangala Kwendoda Endala osudlulile, usenze kabi.
Asikaze sisibone isihlokwana esimayelana nezinkwa zomugqa namuhla.
Futhi lapho sibona umninikhaya singambheka ngqo lowo mfana emehlweni
Sisemalini, woza s'thandwa sami,
Masiyisebenzise, siyiboleke, siyithumele sigingqika kanye!
"SiseMalini," izingoma zika-Al Dubin, umculo kaHarry Warren (ovela kwifilimu iGold Diggers. 1933)
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