UMeyi 23 Amagqabantshintshi eMarike • 7817 izimvo • 1 Comment kwiNgqungquthela ye-EU engekho semthethweni ithatha iSigaba seZiko
Iinkokeli zamazwe angama-27 abumba iManyano yaseYurophu ziya kudibana eBrussels ngoLwesithathu ukuzama ukufumana indlela yokugcina ingxaki yamatyala eYurophu ukuba ingalawuleki kwaye ikhuthaze imisebenzi kunye nokukhula. Intlanganiso yokuqala bekufanele ukuba ingabikho ngokusesikweni, kodwa ngesakhiwo soxinzelelo kwi-Eurozone, le ntlanganiso ithathe indawo ephambili kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu.
UMbutho weNtsebenziswano yezoQoqosho noPhuhliso walumkisa ukuba amazwe ali-17 asebenzisa umngcipheko we-euro awela kwi- "Ukudodobala okukhulu koqoqosho." Ingxelo ibonise uphuhliso lwe-Eurozone njenge "Owona mngcipheko mkhulu uphantsi ojongene nembonakalo yehlabathi" kwaye iquke isivakalisi esilandelayo esoyikekayo:
Ulungelelwaniso kummandla we-euro ngoku lwenzeka kwindawo yokukhula okucothayo okanye okungalunganga kunye nokunciphisa, okubangela umngcipheko wesangqa esikhohlakeleyo esibandakanya ukunyuka kwamatyala aphakamileyo kunye nokunyuka kwamatyala, iinkqubo zebhanki ezibuthathaka, ukuqiniswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwemali kunye nokukhula okuphantsi.
Inkxalabo yezopolitiko eGrisi isoyikisa ukukhupha i-Eurozone. Iindleko zokuboleka ziphezulu koorhulumente abanamatyala. Kukho inani elonyukayo leengxelo zabalondolozi abakhathazekileyo kunye nabatyali-mali abakhupha imali kwiibhanki ezibonwa zibuthathaka. Ngeli xesha, intswela-ngqesho iya isanda njengoko ukudodobala koqoqosho kubetha phantse isiqingatha samazwe e-Eurozone.
Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ubucukubhede bezemali ibiyinto yonke ebethetha ngayo nabani na eYurophu. Oko kwakunengqiqo ethile oko oorhulumente babejongene nokunyuka kweendleko zokuboleka kwiimarike zebhondi, uphawu lokuba abatyali-mali banoloyiko malunga nobungakanani bentsilelo yebhaloni yabo. I-Austerity yayijonge ukujongana nolu loyiko ngokunciphisa iimfuno zikarhulumente zokuboleka. Kubantu baseYurophu, ubungqongqo buthetha ukudendwa kunye nokucuthwa kwentlawulo kubasebenzi bakarhulumente, inkcitho ethotyiweyo kwintlalontle kunye neenkqubo zentlalo, kunye neerhafu eziphezulu kunye nemirhumo yokunyusa ingeniso karhulumente.
Njengendlela yokuphuma kule ngxaki, oosoqoqosho noosopolitiki baye bahlaba ikhwelo kumanyathelo anokuthi ancede ukukhula koqoqosho lwelizwe. Umongameli omtsha we-Socialist waseFransi, uFrancois Hollande, ukhokele intlawulo, egxininisa ngexesha lephulo lakhe ukuba akayi kusayina isivumelwano semali yaseYurophu de ibandakanye amanyathelo okukhuthaza ukukhula.
I-ajenda yale ntlanganiso ngoku igxile ekukhuleni, i-Eurobonds, i-inshurensi yediphozithi ye-EU kunye nenkqubo yebhanki ye-EU. I-ajenda eyahlukileyo kakhulu ngoko kwiiveki nje ezidlulileyo.
Nangona kunjalo umbuzo wendlela yokuvelisa ukukhula kweYurophu yinto encangathi. IJamani, ekhokele ukunyanzeliswa koqoqosho, igxininisa ukuba ukukhula kuya kuba sisiphumo sohlaziyo olunzima, olufana nolwaluthabathayo ukukhulula uqoqosho lwayo kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Abanye bathi uhlaziyo olunjalo luya kuthatha ixesha ukuvelisa iziqhamo kwaye kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ngoku-njengokolula ixesha elisikiweyo lokujoliswa kwentsilelo kunye nokuhamba ngokunyuka kwemivuzo.
Iinkokeli kwingqungquthela yangoLwesithathu eBrussels-njengeentloko zezoqoqosho ezihamba phambili zehlabathi kwintlanganiso ye-G8 eCamp David ngeveki edlulileyo-kulindeleke ukuba zinyathele umgca phakathi kokuthetha ngeendlela zokukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nokunamathela kwizibophelelo zokulinganisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Ingcamango yeebhondi zeprojekthi ibonwa ngabapolitiki abaninzi kunye noqoqosho njengenyathelo eliya kwinto ebizwa “IiEurobonds”—iibhondi ezidityanisiweyo ezinokusetyenziswa ukuxhasa nayiphi na imali zize ekugqibeleni zithabathel’ indawo ityala lelizwe ngalinye. Ii-Eurobonds ziya kukhusela amazwe abuthathaka, njengeSpain ne-Italiya, ngokuwakhusela kwinzala ephezulu abajongana nayo ngoku xa benyusa imali kwiimarike zebhondi. Loo maxabiso aphezulu enzala aphantsi kobunzima: Banyanzela iGrisi, iIreland kunye nePortugal ukuba zifune ibheyile.
Umongameli we-EU uHerman Van Rompuy ukhuthaze abathathi-nxaxheba ngoLwesithathu ukuba baxoxe "ngeembono ezintsha, okanye eziphikisanayo." Uye wacebisa ukuba akukho nto ifanele ibe yinto engafanelekanga kwaye izisombululo zexesha elide kufuneka zijongwe. Oko kubonakala kubhekisa kwincoko malunga ne-Eurobonds.
Kodwa iJamani isachasa ngokungqongqo kumlinganiselo onjalo. NgoLwesibini, igosa eliphezulu laseJamani ligxininise ukuba ngaphandle koxinzelelo oluvela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, urhulumente waseMerkel akazange ayeke inkcaso yakhe.
Ingxaki ngezisombululo ezininzi ezikwitheyibhile kukuba nokuba ziphunyeziwe zonke, zinokuthatha iminyaka ukuvelisa ukukhula. Kwaye iYurophu idinga iimpendulo ezikhawulezayo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iingcali zezoqoqosho ezininzi zifuna indima enkulu kwiBhanki Enkulu yaseYurophu—ekuphela kweziko elinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba libe nempembelelo ekhawulezileyo kule ngxaki. Ukuba igunya lezemali elikumbindi waseYurophu belinikwe amandla okuthenga iibhondi zelizwe, loo mazinga emboleko karhulumente anokuthotywa ehle aye kumanqanaba alawulekayo.
ngxakiItyalaeurozone
« Uphengululo lweMarike ngoMeyi 23 2012 Ngaba bukhona ubomi kwi-GBP emva kwe-IMF? »
Ingqungquthela engekho mthethweni ye-EU ithatha iSigaba seZiko
UMeyi 23 Amagqabantshintshi eMarike • 7817 izimvo • 1 Comment kwiNgqungquthela ye-EU engekho semthethweni ithatha iSigaba seZiko
Iinkokeli zamazwe angama-27 abumba iManyano yaseYurophu ziya kudibana eBrussels ngoLwesithathu ukuzama ukufumana indlela yokugcina ingxaki yamatyala eYurophu ukuba ingalawuleki kwaye ikhuthaze imisebenzi kunye nokukhula. Intlanganiso yokuqala bekufanele ukuba ingabikho ngokusesikweni, kodwa ngesakhiwo soxinzelelo kwi-Eurozone, le ntlanganiso ithathe indawo ephambili kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu.
UMbutho weNtsebenziswano yezoQoqosho noPhuhliso walumkisa ukuba amazwe ali-17 asebenzisa umngcipheko we-euro awela kwi- "Ukudodobala okukhulu koqoqosho." Ingxelo ibonise uphuhliso lwe-Eurozone njenge "Owona mngcipheko mkhulu uphantsi ojongene nembonakalo yehlabathi" kwaye iquke isivakalisi esilandelayo esoyikekayo:
Ulungelelwaniso kummandla we-euro ngoku lwenzeka kwindawo yokukhula okucothayo okanye okungalunganga kunye nokunciphisa, okubangela umngcipheko wesangqa esikhohlakeleyo esibandakanya ukunyuka kwamatyala aphakamileyo kunye nokunyuka kwamatyala, iinkqubo zebhanki ezibuthathaka, ukuqiniswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwemali kunye nokukhula okuphantsi.
Inkxalabo yezopolitiko eGrisi isoyikisa ukukhupha i-Eurozone. Iindleko zokuboleka ziphezulu koorhulumente abanamatyala. Kukho inani elonyukayo leengxelo zabalondolozi abakhathazekileyo kunye nabatyali-mali abakhupha imali kwiibhanki ezibonwa zibuthathaka. Ngeli xesha, intswela-ngqesho iya isanda njengoko ukudodobala koqoqosho kubetha phantse isiqingatha samazwe e-Eurozone.
Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ubucukubhede bezemali ibiyinto yonke ebethetha ngayo nabani na eYurophu. Oko kwakunengqiqo ethile oko oorhulumente babejongene nokunyuka kweendleko zokuboleka kwiimarike zebhondi, uphawu lokuba abatyali-mali banoloyiko malunga nobungakanani bentsilelo yebhaloni yabo. I-Austerity yayijonge ukujongana nolu loyiko ngokunciphisa iimfuno zikarhulumente zokuboleka. Kubantu baseYurophu, ubungqongqo buthetha ukudendwa kunye nokucuthwa kwentlawulo kubasebenzi bakarhulumente, inkcitho ethotyiweyo kwintlalontle kunye neenkqubo zentlalo, kunye neerhafu eziphezulu kunye nemirhumo yokunyusa ingeniso karhulumente.
Njengendlela yokuphuma kule ngxaki, oosoqoqosho noosopolitiki baye bahlaba ikhwelo kumanyathelo anokuthi ancede ukukhula koqoqosho lwelizwe. Umongameli omtsha we-Socialist waseFransi, uFrancois Hollande, ukhokele intlawulo, egxininisa ngexesha lephulo lakhe ukuba akayi kusayina isivumelwano semali yaseYurophu de ibandakanye amanyathelo okukhuthaza ukukhula.
I-ajenda yale ntlanganiso ngoku igxile ekukhuleni, i-Eurobonds, i-inshurensi yediphozithi ye-EU kunye nenkqubo yebhanki ye-EU. I-ajenda eyahlukileyo kakhulu ngoko kwiiveki nje ezidlulileyo.
Nangona kunjalo umbuzo wendlela yokuvelisa ukukhula kweYurophu yinto encangathi. IJamani, ekhokele ukunyanzeliswa koqoqosho, igxininisa ukuba ukukhula kuya kuba sisiphumo sohlaziyo olunzima, olufana nolwaluthabathayo ukukhulula uqoqosho lwayo kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Abanye bathi uhlaziyo olunjalo luya kuthatha ixesha ukuvelisa iziqhamo kwaye kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ngoku-njengokolula ixesha elisikiweyo lokujoliswa kwentsilelo kunye nokuhamba ngokunyuka kwemivuzo.
Iinkokeli kwingqungquthela yangoLwesithathu eBrussels-njengeentloko zezoqoqosho ezihamba phambili zehlabathi kwintlanganiso ye-G8 eCamp David ngeveki edlulileyo-kulindeleke ukuba zinyathele umgca phakathi kokuthetha ngeendlela zokukhuthaza ukukhula kunye nokunamathela kwizibophelelo zokulinganisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Ingcamango yeebhondi zeprojekthi ibonwa ngabapolitiki abaninzi kunye noqoqosho njengenyathelo eliya kwinto ebizwa “IiEurobonds”—iibhondi ezidityanisiweyo ezinokusetyenziswa ukuxhasa nayiphi na imali zize ekugqibeleni zithabathel’ indawo ityala lelizwe ngalinye. Ii-Eurobonds ziya kukhusela amazwe abuthathaka, njengeSpain ne-Italiya, ngokuwakhusela kwinzala ephezulu abajongana nayo ngoku xa benyusa imali kwiimarike zebhondi. Loo maxabiso aphezulu enzala aphantsi kobunzima: Banyanzela iGrisi, iIreland kunye nePortugal ukuba zifune ibheyile.
Umongameli we-EU uHerman Van Rompuy ukhuthaze abathathi-nxaxheba ngoLwesithathu ukuba baxoxe "ngeembono ezintsha, okanye eziphikisanayo." Uye wacebisa ukuba akukho nto ifanele ibe yinto engafanelekanga kwaye izisombululo zexesha elide kufuneka zijongwe. Oko kubonakala kubhekisa kwincoko malunga ne-Eurobonds.
Kodwa iJamani isachasa ngokungqongqo kumlinganiselo onjalo. NgoLwesibini, igosa eliphezulu laseJamani ligxininise ukuba ngaphandle koxinzelelo oluvela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, urhulumente waseMerkel akazange ayeke inkcaso yakhe.
Ingxaki ngezisombululo ezininzi ezikwitheyibhile kukuba nokuba ziphunyeziwe zonke, zinokuthatha iminyaka ukuvelisa ukukhula. Kwaye iYurophu idinga iimpendulo ezikhawulezayo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iingcali zezoqoqosho ezininzi zifuna indima enkulu kwiBhanki Enkulu yaseYurophu—ekuphela kweziko elinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba libe nempembelelo ekhawulezileyo kule ngxaki. Ukuba igunya lezemali elikumbindi waseYurophu belinikwe amandla okuthenga iibhondi zelizwe, loo mazinga emboleko karhulumente anokuthotywa ehle aye kumanqanaba alawulekayo.
ngxakiItyalaeurozone
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