Sarkin Dala Ya Lalata Duk Amma Ba Amurka ba
A kusan kowace kasa in ban da Amurka, dala mai karfin gaske na gurgunta tattalin arzikin kasar tare da lalata duk wani abu da ke kewaye da ita. Ba matsalar Amurka ba ce, aƙalla a yanzu, kuma ba zai yuwu a daina tashin tarihin dala nan ba da dadewa ba.
Ta wasu matakan, dalar Amurka ta riga ta yi ƙarfi fiye da kololuwar cutar ta Covid-19 a farkon 2020, a cewar wasu manazarta. Akwai kamanceceniya tsakanin zafin da yake haifarwa da hargitsin da kudin ya haifar a tsakiyar shekarun 1980, lokacin da manyan jami'an kudi suka taru suka tilasta masa mafita a kasuwanni. Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi watsi da ra'ayin shiga tsakani na hada-hadar kudi, kowace kasa ce ta kanta.
Sakamakon yada barnar tattalin arziki, an tilastawa jami'ai daga Tokyo zuwa Santiago yin amfani da hanyoyin wucin gadi, kamar sayar da daloli a kasuwa. Sai dai Shugaban Babban Bankin Tarayya Jerome Powell ya mayar da hankali sosai kan yaki da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a gida, inda ya ninka kan tsare-tsaren karin kudin ruwa da ya kara rura wutar dala. Kuma sakatariyar baitul malin Amurka Janet Yellen ta ce tana ganin kasuwannin hada-hadar kudi na aiki sosai.
Yawan hauhawar riba
Haɗin ƙima na ƙimar riba ta Amurka da amincin kuɗin ku a cikin kadarorin da aka ƙima dala suna taimakawa wajen tallafawa dala. A mafi yawan lokuta na al'ada, jami'ai na iya maraba da raguwar kudadensu, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar tattalin arziƙin ta hanyar sanya fitar da kaya zuwa gasa mafi dacewa da ƙarfafa masu amfani da kasuwanci don siyan gida.
Amma waɗannan ba lokuta na yau da kullun ba ne. Hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a halin yanzu dai na damun jami'ai daga birnin Frankfurt zuwa Seoul, tare da raunanan kudaden da ke kara kashe wutar ta hanyar kara farashin kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su daga waje da kuma farashin cikin gida. Don haka dole ne wasu gwamnatoci da manyan bankunan kasar su mayar da martani ga yadda ake ci gaba da azabtar da kudadensu.
Pound Burtaniya, wanda ya fi fama da cutar
Fam na Burtaniya ya zama babban kuɗaɗe na baya-bayan nan da ya fara fitowa fili bayan sabbin tsare-tsare na gwamnati ya haifar da raguwar kwarin gwiwa game da fam. Amma kamar takwarorinsa na gaba da shi, yana fuskantar matsananciyar matsi, yana kasuwanci kusa da ƙarancin shekaru masu yawa. Yen ya yi rauni sosai har gwamnatin Japan ta shiga tsakani kai tsaye a kasuwanni sau da yawa tun ranar 22 ga Satumba; Indiya, Chile da sauran ƙasashe ma sun ga ya zama dole su shiga tsakani. A halin da ake ciki, kudin bai daya na Turai ya ragu da darajar dalar Amurka a sakamakon matsalar makamashi a yankin, kuma gwamnatin kasar Sin ta yi nata yakin neman kudin Yuan.
Halin da ake ciki na kudin ya kuma tilastawa manyan bankunan duniya yin la'akari da kara yawan kudaden ruwa na kansu, wanda zai iya haifar da koma bayan tattalin arzikinsu.
Tafiya ta ci gaba da tafiya
"Fed yana sane da sakamakon waje na ayyukansu saboda dala ita ce asusun ajiyar kuɗi na duniya, amma suna da iko na ciki kuma suna mai da hankali kan hakan," in ji Paul McCulley, wani tsohon babban masanin tattalin arziki a Pacific Investment Management Co. wanda yanzu yake koyarwa a Jami'ar Georgetown. Ba a sani ba lokacin da irin waɗannan abubuwan na waje na iya "juya daga hayaniya zuwa sigina don Fed ya daina tsayawa ya juya ya yi tasiri ga abin da yake yi," in ji shi. A yanzu, McCulley yana ganin duniya tana rawa zuwa ga Fed's hawkish tune kuma yana fama da "zafi" wanda Powell da kansa yayi gargadin.
Mabuɗin alamun hauhawar farashin kayayyaki don jagora gaba
Daga ra'ayi na Fed, dala mai karfi na taimakawa wajen yaki da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Ta hanyar dakile gogaggun kasuwancin kasuwancin Amurka a matakin kasa da kasa, yana dakile ci gaban tattalin arziki, ta yadda za a kawar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Wannan yana ba jami'ai dalili na ba za su ja da baya ba yayin da suke bin tsauraran matakan kuɗaɗe tun lokacin da Paul Volcker ya magance hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a cikin 1980s. Ƙarfin dala kuma ya kasance matsala har sai da abin da ake kira Plaza Accord ya hana ta. Bambanci ɗaya mai mahimmanci: yarjejeniyar 1985 tsakanin Birtaniya, Faransa, Jamus ta Yamma, Japan da Amurka an yi su ne kawai bayan Volcker ya riga ya karya baya na hauhawar farashin kaya, yayin da sakamakon yakin na yanzu ya kasance a bude don muhawara.
Steven Roach, wani babban jami'i a Jami'ar Yale kuma tsohon shugaban Morgan Stanley Asia ya ce "A yanzu, kawai umarnin da ya shafi Fed shine sarrafa hauhawar farashin kayayyaki." A cewar Roach, ya fi yawa saboda wannan tunani guda ne ya sa tattalin arzikin duniya ke fuskantar koma bayan tattalin arziki. "Hakika zai canza matsin lamba na hauhawar farashin kayayyaki - a gefe guda, yana iya haifar da kwanciyar hankali a kasuwannin kudin waje - amma a wannan yanayin, keken zai kasance a gaban doki," in ji shi. Shugaban Atlanta Fed Rafael Bostic ya amince da damuwar cewa tarzoma a Burtaniya na iya shiga cikin tattalin arzikin Amurka, wanda ke haifar da hadari ga ci gaban duniya. Duk da haka, bai yi watsi da ra'ayin Fed yana kara yawan kudaden ruwa ba.
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