B53 shine tattalin arzikin Amurka
Tsarin fasa bam na B53 na karshe da ya rage a cikin tarin Amurka ya fara ne a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2011 kuma an kammala shi ba da jimawa ba. Mk / B-53 babban makami ne mai ba da tamaula wanda Amurka ta haɓaka yayin Yaƙin Cacar Baki. Tare da yawan megaton 9 na TNT ya kasance makami mafi ƙarfi a cikin makaman nukiliyar Amurka bayan fashewar bam na nukiliya na B41 na ƙarshe ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1976. Warhead na B53 ya yi amfani da uranium mai wadatar gaske maimakon plutonium don fission, tare da cakuda lithium -6 man fetur don haɗuwa.
An yi bambance-bambancen guda biyu: B53-Y1, makamin "datti" ta amfani da sakandare mai lamba U-238, da sigar "tsabta" ta B53-Y2 tare da akwatin sakandare mara fissile (gubar ko tungsten). Abun fashewa yakai megatons tara. Bunƙasa makamin ya fara a 1955. Mk 53 ya fara kerawa a 1962 kuma an gina shi zuwa Yuni 1965. Kimanin bama-bamai 340 aka gina. Daga 1968 aka sake masa suna zuwa B53.
B53 an yi niyyar a yi ritaya a cikin 1980s, amma raka'a 50 sun kasance a cikin ajiyar aiki har zuwa lokacin da aka tura B61-11 a 1997. A wancan lokacin an tsara B53 da suka tsufa don rarrabawa kai tsaye; duk da haka, tsarin rarraba sassan bai samu matsala ba saboda matsalar tsaro da kuma karancin kayan aiki. A cikin 2010 an ba da izini don kwance bama-bamai 50…
Wannan irin wannan kalma ce mai girman kai amma duk da haka ambaton "stagflation" a cikin da'irar da ba daidai ba na iya haifar da tashin hankali. Yana daya daga cikin ra'ayoyi masu tsoratarwa game da masu tsara manufofin tattalin arziki da zasu yi gwagwarmaya dasu, an bayyana ci gaban tattalin arziki a zaman yanayin yanayin ci gaban tattalin arziki sanadiyyar rashin aikin yi kwata-kwata da kuma rashin aikin yi kwata-kwata - wani lokaci na tsaka mai wuya - tare da hauhawar farashi, ko hauhawar farashi. A cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi hauhawa yana faruwa ne lokacin da tattalin arziƙi bai haɓaka amma farashin suna. Wannan ya faru sosai a tsakanin shekarun 1970, lokacin da farashin mai a duniya ya tashi ƙwarai da gaske, wanda ya ƙara hauhawar hauhawar farashi a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ga waɗannan ƙasashe, gami da ci gaban Amurka ya haɓaka tasirin hauhawar farashi. Masu tsara manufofin tattalin arziƙi suna da damuwa da ci gaba, a cikin haɓakar Burtaniya kusan 1% ne, hauhawar farashi ya kai 5.5%, ba ya buƙatar digiri na tattalin arziki daga LSE don sanin cewa a matsayin samfurin tattalin arziki wanda ba mai ɗorewa ba.
Tattalin Arziki na 2008 wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel Paul Krugman ya bayyana a watan Nuwamba na 2010 cewa Amurka na kan hanyar turjiya da taɓarɓarewa irin ta Japan shekaru goma sha takwas da suka gabata idan aka ba da mawuyacin halin tattalin arziki da yanayin siyasa mara tabbas a Amurka. Krugman ya bayyana cewa tsarin hada-hadar kudi da aka yi amfani da shi a Amurka da Tarayyar Turai ya nuna iyakokinta, Babban Bankin Tarayya da Babban Bankin Turai sun rage kudaden ruwa zuwa sifili amma sun kasa sake bude tattalin arzikinsu kuma suna “fuskantar matsaloli matuka. neman mafita ”.
Krugman ya yi iƙirarin cewa hanya ɗaya kaɗai da za a bi don kauce wa tabarbarewa ita ce ta hanyar kashe kuɗi a abubuwan more rayuwa, tare da ƙarancin ƙimar riba, wanda zai iya samar da miliyoyin ayyuka ga marasa aikin yi, amma ya yarda cewa Washington ta ƙi “fuskantar irin waɗannan kashe kuɗaɗen jama’a”. Ya ambata a matsayin misali na wannan tsinkayar game da soke kwanan nan na manyan ayyukan jama'a a cikin Amurka, gina ramin jirgin ƙasa a ƙasan Kogin Hudson a New York.
Wannan jinkirin tattalin arziki, wannan damuwa na iya ci gaba na dogon lokaci… Rikici ne na Arewacin Atlantika, na Amurka da Yammacin Turai.
Yawancin masu sharhi da masu sharhi game da kasuwa sun ba da shawarar cewa a lokacin rikici na 2008 mafi 'kyawu' da za mu iya fata dangane da batun ko murmurewa shi ne jerin salon Jafananci da aka rasa shekaru da yawa. Da zarar Amurka ta saita hanyarta da tabbaci kan zirp (ƙirar ƙimar fa'idar amfani da sha'awa) kwatancen da Japan ya zama yana da matukar dacewa. Yawancin masana tattalin arziki sun yi gargaɗi a lokacin lokacin 2008-2010 cewa tsarin tattalin arziki na QE + zirp = stagflation = ya gaza. Lokacin da Japan ta karɓi kusancinta da manufofin zirp a cikin shekarun 1980 shekarun da ta ɓace sun kasance gasa da tabbas, darussan da Amurka da EU suka yi watsi da ita.
Gwajin lafiyar tattalin arziki wanda akasari ana amfani dashi azaman ma'auni shine farashin gida, yin watsi da halin rashin lafiya na yanzu a cikin Amurka, kowane wata ƙaramin motsi ne a cikin lamuni ko farashin gida ana bincika su sosai, halin da ake ciki ya zama mai tsananin gaske cewa gwamnati. za su yi tsayin daka don kiyaye jama'a a cikin gidajen su akan bashi sabanin barin masu bada rance su dawo da duk wata asarar dukiyar da suka shiga cikin 'littattafan da suka dahu'. Suna buƙatar jinginar gida don su kasance cikin ƙyalli a cikin bashin su idan za a sake yin ƙarin QE a cikin wannan shekarar, ko farkon 2012. Lokacin da farashin gidaje ya faɗi a Japan a cikin shekarun 1980 ya ɗauki har zuwa 2007 don farashin ya murmure kuma ya tashi. Lokacin da karyewar tattalin arzikin duniya ya fadi a shekarar 2008 farashin ya sake faduwa. A taƙaice dukiyar 'buga' ta ɗauki daga ƙwanƙolinta zuwa ruwan sha har tsawon shekaru ashirin, kuma a cikin yanayin da ake ciki yanzu shine tsammanin farashin gidan Jafananci ba zai ƙaru a cikin gajeren lokaci ba, mai yuwuwa wani ɓataccen shekarun da ya ɓace, shekaru talatin na tsayawa / tsawaitawa . A matsayin sanarwa ta hankali game da bashin Japan, ta hanyar GDP, a halin yanzu yana kusan 197%
Lokacin da ake la'akari da keɓance adadin gargajiyar da Amurka ta ciyar da gwamnatoci suka kirkira tun shekarar 2008 dangane da fitowar belin (na ɓoye da na bugawa) da sauƙaƙewa masu yawa amma duk da haka har yanzu rashin aikin yi (jami'in) ya kasance a kusan 9.1% ka fara gane cewa maganin bai yi aiki ba, yayin da yake daidaita alamun cutar bai shafi asalin matsalar ba. Cewa mai kula da Amurka yana la'akari da QE3 hujja ce, idan ana buƙata, cewa Amurka ba ta cikin harsasai don haka dole ne ta 'ƙara'.
Akwai wasu ƙididdigar ƙididdiga masu yawa waɗanda ke bayanin rashin lafiyar tattalin arzikin Amurka; talauci, yawan kaddara, lambobin kasuwanci da suka gaza, bashin dalibi $ 1trillion + don sanya wasu 'yan, amma duk da haka a mafi kyawun salon Hollywood ainihin batutuwan a koyaushe ana fifita su ne saboda goyon bayan hadadden gwarzon da Amurka take da shi a matsayin wanda aka aura kuma a Obama wannan gwarzon mutum ya rasa darajarsa kuma yayin da kasuwar take mayar da hankali kan matsalar bashin kasashen Turai sai giwar duniya a cikin daki ke ci gaba da tserewa daga binciken. Koyaya, mayar da hankali na iya komawa zuwa Amurka da zarar batun rufin bashin ya sake ɗaukar kansa.
Karɓar da tattalin arzikin Amurka, don ya zama gasa ta fuskar tattalin arzikin BRICS, zai zama mai wahala matuƙa. Tattalin arzikin Amurka yana dogaro da kashi 70% na kayan masarufi, yana riƙe albashi a duniya a cikin ƙasashe marasa tasowa, domin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa ya bunƙasa, ba zai iya zama tushen tushen tsarin tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa ba. Bashin Amurka kusan 99% na GDP, a cikin 2009 ya kasance 83% na GDP, hukumomin ƙididdigar daraja biyu suna da ƙasar a kan mummunan ra'ayi. Kallon hoto game da inda Amurka take a cikin 2009 da 2011 yana nuna wasu abubuwa masu ban mamaki da damuwa na damuwa.
2009
Ya zuwa ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2009, jimillar bashin tarayyar Amurka ya kai dala tiriliyan 10.627. Kwancen bashin bashin bashi kamar na 2005 ya kai dala tiriliyan 8.18. A watan Maris na 2006, Majalisa ta ɗaga wannan rufin ƙarin dala tiriliyan 0.79 zuwa dala tiriliyan 8.97, wanda yake kusan 68% na GDP. Majalisa ta yi amfani da wannan hanyar don magance ruɓar bashi a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, kamar yadda aka ɗaga kan iyakar rancen tarayya a 2002 da 2003. Zuwa 4 ga Oktoba, 2008, "Dokar Tsar da Tattalin Arzikin Tattalin Arziki na 2008" ta daga rufin bashin na yanzu zuwa US $ tiriliyan 11.3. Bashin gwamnatin tarayya ya tashi da kusan dala tiriliyan 1.4 a shekarar 2009, kuma yanzu ya kai dala tiriliyan 12.1. Duk da yake bashin jama'a na Amurka shine mafi girma a duniya a cikin girman girma, wani ma'auni shine girmansa dangane da GDP na ƙasa. Ya zuwa shekarar 2009 bashin ya kasance kashi 83 na GDP. Wannan bashin, a matsayin kashi na GDP, har yanzu bai kai bashin na Japan ba (192%) kuma yayi daidai da na 'yan ƙasashen yammacin Turai.
2011
Bashin bashin jama'a ya karu da sama da dala biliyan 500 a kowace shekara tun daga 2003, tare da karin dala tiriliyan 1 a FY2008, dala tiriliyan 1.9 a FY2009, da dala tiriliyan 1.7 a FY2010. Ya zuwa 22 ga Oktoba, 2011, babban bashin ya kai dala tiriliyan 14.94. Adadin kayan cikin gida (GDP) na shekara-shekara har zuwa ƙarshen Yunin 2011 ya kai dala tiriliyan 15.003 (ƙididdigar 29 ga Yulin, 2011), tare da jimillar bashin jama'a wanda ya yi daidai da kashi 99.6% na GDP, kuma bashin da jama'a ke bin shi a kan 68% na GDP . An daga rufin bashi zuwa tr 16.4 tiriliyan a ranar 2 ga Agusta 2011. Amurka ta ƙone ta kusan. $ 650 biliyan na bashin bashi ya tashi a cikin makonni goma sha ɗaya, a kan wannan yanayin (ba tare da tasirin tasirin rage kasafin kuɗi ba) za a kara yawan dala tiriliyan 2.1 a watan Maris na 2012. Ba zai yiwu ba a ce Majalisa ta tattauna batun ɗaga bashin bashi ya kone ta hanyar dala tiriliyan 2.1 a cikin watanni takwas amma gaskiyar ita ce.
Amurka ta kara yawan bashin da ke kanta kusan 40.5% tun daga 2009 a lokacin irin wannan bashin da yake kan GDP ya yi kwatankwacin adadi na 100%. Tsarin tattalin arzikin sa shine B 53; tsufa, mai haɗari, barazanar ganganci ta amfani da hegemony kuma a ɓoye a hankali shekaru da yawa. Kamar dai B53 babban bala'in da yake da shi zai lalata tattalin arzikin duniya har sai a ƙarshe an zartar da shi ya wuce fahimta.
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