Meyi 23 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-7788 • 1 Comment Engqungqutheleni Engavumelekile ye-EU Ithatha Isiteji Sesikhungo
Abaholi bamazwe angama-27 akha i-European Union bazohlangana eBrussels ngoLwesithathu ukuzama ukuthola indlela yokuvimba inkinga yezikweletu eYurophu ukuthi ingaphumi emandleni futhi ikhuthaze imisebenzi nokukhula. Umhlangano wokuqala bekufanele ube ngongakahleleki, kepha ngokwakhiwa kwengcindezi e-Eurozone, lo mhlangano uthathe isigaba sokuqala futhi ubaluleke kakhulu.
I-Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ixwayise ngokuthi amazwe ayi-17 asebenzisa ingozi ye-euro angena ku- a “Ukwehla kwamandla omnotho okunzima.” Umbiko ugcizelele intuthuko e-Eurozone njengoba "Ingozi eyodwa enkulu ebhekene nombono womhlaba jikelele" futhi kwafaka nomusho olandelayo omubi:
Ukulungiswa endaweni ye-euro manje sekwenzeka endaweni yokukhula kancane noma engemihle nokusatshalaliswa, okwenza kube nobungozi bombuthano onobungozi obandakanya ukukweleta okuphezulu nokukhulayo, izinhlelo zebhange ezibuthakathaka, ukuqiniswa kwemali ngokweqile nokukhula okuphansi.
Izinkathazo zepolitiki eGrisi zisongela ngokuhlukanisa i-Eurozone. Izindleko zokuboleka zenzelwe ohulumeni abakweletwa kakhulu. Kunenani elandayo lemibiko yabasindisi abakhathazekile nabatshalizimali abakhipha izimali emabhange abonwa njengabuthaka. Khonamanjalo, ukungasebenzi kuyakhula njengoba ukwehla kwamandla omnotho kubamba cishe isigamu samazwe ase-Eurozone.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ubungqingili bemali bekuyikho konke okwakhulunywa ngaye eYurophu. Lokho bekune-logic ethile njengoba ohulumeni bebebhekene nezindleko ezikhulayo zokuboleka ezimakethe zebhondi, uphawu lokuthi abatshalizimali banovalo ngosayizi wamaphutha abo abhalayo. I-Austerity yayihloselwe ukubhekana nalolu luvalo ngokunciphisa izidingo zikahulumeni zokuboleka. Kubantu baseYurophu, ukuba nenkinga kwakusho ukudilizwa emsebenzini nokuncishiselwa abasebenzi bakahulumeni, ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuncishisiwe kwezenhlalakahle nasezinhlelweni zezenhlalo, kanye nezintela eziphakeme kanye nezimali zokukhulisa imali kahulumeni.
Njengendlela yokuphuma kule nkinga, osomnotho nosopolitiki bacele izindlela ezizosiza ukuthi umnotho wezwe ukhule. UMengameli omusha weSocialist waseFrance, uFrancois Hollande, uhole leli cala, egcizelela ngesikhathi somkhankaso wakhe ukuthi ngeke asayine isivumelwano sezimali saseYurophu kuze kube sifaka nezinyathelo zokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho.
I-ajenda yalo mhlangano manje igxile ekukhuleni, e-Eurobonds, e-EU yomshuwalense wokufaka kanye nohlelo lwebhange le-EU. I-ajenda ehluke kakhulu-ke emasontweni edlule.
Kodwa-ke umbuzo wokuthi kukhiqizwa kanjani ukukhula kweYurophu unamathele. IJalimane, eyayihola umfutho wokuqina, igcizelela ukuthi ukukhula kuzoba ngumkhiqizo wezinguquko ezinzima, njengalezo ezazikhulula umnotho wazo eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule. Abanye bathi lezo zinguquko zizothatha isikhashana ukuthela izithelo futhi kuningi okudinga ukwenziwa njengamanje — njengokunweba umnqamulajuqu wezinhloso zokushoda kanye nokuzulazula ngokukhushulwa kwamaholo.
Abaholi engqungqutheleni yangoLwesithathu eBrussels — njengezinhloko zezomnotho ezihamba phambili emhlabeni emhlanganweni we-G8 eCamp David ngempelasonto edlule - kulindeleke ukuthi banyathele umugqa omuhle phakathi kokukhuluma ngezindlela zokugqugquzela ukukhula nokunamathela ekuzibophezeleni ekulinganisweni kwesabelomali.
Umqondo wamabhondi wephrojekthi ubonwa ngosopolitiki abaningi kanye nezazi zezomnotho njengesinyathelo esibhekisa kulokho okuthiwa “Ama-Eurobond”—Kukhishwe ama-bond ngamabili angasetshenziselwa ukukhokhela noma yini futhi angagcina ekhokhele isikweletu sezwe ngalinye. I-Eurobonds izovikela amazwe abuthaka, njengeSpain ne-Italy, ngokuwavikela emalini yenzalo ephezulu ababhekene nayo manje lapho beqoqa imali ezimakethe zama-bond. Lawo mazinga aphezulu enzalo angaphansi kwenhlekelele: Baphoqa iGrisi, i-Ireland nePortugal ukuba bafune ukutakulwa.
UMengameli we-EU uHerman Van Rompuy ukhuthaze ababambiqhaza ngoLwesithathu ukuba baxoxe ngemibono “emisha, noma enempikiswano.” Uphakamise ukuthi akukho lutho okufanele lube yinto engavumelekile nokuthi kubhekwe izixazululo zesikhathi eside. Lokho kubonakala kukhomba engxoxweni mayelana nama-Eurobonds.
Kepha iGerman isaphikisana ngokuqinile nezilinganiso. NgoLwesibili, isikhulu esiphezulu saseJalimane sigcizelele ukuthi yize kunengcindezi evela kwamanye amazwe ase-Europe, uhulumeni kaMerkel akazange akwehlise ukuphikisana nawo.
Inkinga ngezixazululo eziningi ezisetafuleni ukuthi noma ngabe zonke zisetshenzisiwe, kungathatha iminyaka ukukhiqiza ukukhula. Futhi iYurophu idinga izimpendulo ezisheshayo.
Ukuze kufezwe lokho, osomnotho abaningi bafuna iqhaza elikhulu kwiBhange Elikhulu LaseYurophu — okuwukuphela kwesikhungo esinamandla anele ukuba nomthelela ngokushesha kule nkinga. Uma isiphathimandla semali esiseYurophu sinikezwe amandla okuthenga amabhondi ezwe, lawo mazinga kahulumeni okuboleka angahle ehliselwe emazingeni aphathekayo.
inkingaisikweletui-eurozone
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Ingqungquthela Engavumelekile ye-EU Ithatha Isiteji Sezikhungo
Meyi 23 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-7788 • 1 Comment Engqungqutheleni Engavumelekile ye-EU Ithatha Isiteji Sesikhungo
Abaholi bamazwe angama-27 akha i-European Union bazohlangana eBrussels ngoLwesithathu ukuzama ukuthola indlela yokuvimba inkinga yezikweletu eYurophu ukuthi ingaphumi emandleni futhi ikhuthaze imisebenzi nokukhula. Umhlangano wokuqala bekufanele ube ngongakahleleki, kepha ngokwakhiwa kwengcindezi e-Eurozone, lo mhlangano uthathe isigaba sokuqala futhi ubaluleke kakhulu.
I-Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ixwayise ngokuthi amazwe ayi-17 asebenzisa ingozi ye-euro angena ku- a “Ukwehla kwamandla omnotho okunzima.” Umbiko ugcizelele intuthuko e-Eurozone njengoba "Ingozi eyodwa enkulu ebhekene nombono womhlaba jikelele" futhi kwafaka nomusho olandelayo omubi:
Ukulungiswa endaweni ye-euro manje sekwenzeka endaweni yokukhula kancane noma engemihle nokusatshalaliswa, okwenza kube nobungozi bombuthano onobungozi obandakanya ukukweleta okuphezulu nokukhulayo, izinhlelo zebhange ezibuthakathaka, ukuqiniswa kwemali ngokweqile nokukhula okuphansi.
Izinkathazo zepolitiki eGrisi zisongela ngokuhlukanisa i-Eurozone. Izindleko zokuboleka zenzelwe ohulumeni abakweletwa kakhulu. Kunenani elandayo lemibiko yabasindisi abakhathazekile nabatshalizimali abakhipha izimali emabhange abonwa njengabuthaka. Khonamanjalo, ukungasebenzi kuyakhula njengoba ukwehla kwamandla omnotho kubamba cishe isigamu samazwe ase-Eurozone.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ubungqingili bemali bekuyikho konke okwakhulunywa ngaye eYurophu. Lokho bekune-logic ethile njengoba ohulumeni bebebhekene nezindleko ezikhulayo zokuboleka ezimakethe zebhondi, uphawu lokuthi abatshalizimali banovalo ngosayizi wamaphutha abo abhalayo. I-Austerity yayihloselwe ukubhekana nalolu luvalo ngokunciphisa izidingo zikahulumeni zokuboleka. Kubantu baseYurophu, ukuba nenkinga kwakusho ukudilizwa emsebenzini nokuncishiselwa abasebenzi bakahulumeni, ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuncishisiwe kwezenhlalakahle nasezinhlelweni zezenhlalo, kanye nezintela eziphakeme kanye nezimali zokukhulisa imali kahulumeni.
Njengendlela yokuphuma kule nkinga, osomnotho nosopolitiki bacele izindlela ezizosiza ukuthi umnotho wezwe ukhule. UMengameli omusha weSocialist waseFrance, uFrancois Hollande, uhole leli cala, egcizelela ngesikhathi somkhankaso wakhe ukuthi ngeke asayine isivumelwano sezimali saseYurophu kuze kube sifaka nezinyathelo zokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho.
I-ajenda yalo mhlangano manje igxile ekukhuleni, e-Eurobonds, e-EU yomshuwalense wokufaka kanye nohlelo lwebhange le-EU. I-ajenda ehluke kakhulu-ke emasontweni edlule.
Kodwa-ke umbuzo wokuthi kukhiqizwa kanjani ukukhula kweYurophu unamathele. IJalimane, eyayihola umfutho wokuqina, igcizelela ukuthi ukukhula kuzoba ngumkhiqizo wezinguquko ezinzima, njengalezo ezazikhulula umnotho wazo eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule. Abanye bathi lezo zinguquko zizothatha isikhashana ukuthela izithelo futhi kuningi okudinga ukwenziwa njengamanje — njengokunweba umnqamulajuqu wezinhloso zokushoda kanye nokuzulazula ngokukhushulwa kwamaholo.
Abaholi engqungqutheleni yangoLwesithathu eBrussels — njengezinhloko zezomnotho ezihamba phambili emhlabeni emhlanganweni we-G8 eCamp David ngempelasonto edlule - kulindeleke ukuthi banyathele umugqa omuhle phakathi kokukhuluma ngezindlela zokugqugquzela ukukhula nokunamathela ekuzibophezeleni ekulinganisweni kwesabelomali.
Umqondo wamabhondi wephrojekthi ubonwa ngosopolitiki abaningi kanye nezazi zezomnotho njengesinyathelo esibhekisa kulokho okuthiwa “Ama-Eurobond”—Kukhishwe ama-bond ngamabili angasetshenziselwa ukukhokhela noma yini futhi angagcina ekhokhele isikweletu sezwe ngalinye. I-Eurobonds izovikela amazwe abuthaka, njengeSpain ne-Italy, ngokuwavikela emalini yenzalo ephezulu ababhekene nayo manje lapho beqoqa imali ezimakethe zama-bond. Lawo mazinga aphezulu enzalo angaphansi kwenhlekelele: Baphoqa iGrisi, i-Ireland nePortugal ukuba bafune ukutakulwa.
UMengameli we-EU uHerman Van Rompuy ukhuthaze ababambiqhaza ngoLwesithathu ukuba baxoxe ngemibono “emisha, noma enempikiswano.” Uphakamise ukuthi akukho lutho okufanele lube yinto engavumelekile nokuthi kubhekwe izixazululo zesikhathi eside. Lokho kubonakala kukhomba engxoxweni mayelana nama-Eurobonds.
Kepha iGerman isaphikisana ngokuqinile nezilinganiso. NgoLwesibili, isikhulu esiphezulu saseJalimane sigcizelele ukuthi yize kunengcindezi evela kwamanye amazwe ase-Europe, uhulumeni kaMerkel akazange akwehlise ukuphikisana nawo.
Inkinga ngezixazululo eziningi ezisetafuleni ukuthi noma ngabe zonke zisetshenzisiwe, kungathatha iminyaka ukukhiqiza ukukhula. Futhi iYurophu idinga izimpendulo ezisheshayo.
Ukuze kufezwe lokho, osomnotho abaningi bafuna iqhaza elikhulu kwiBhange Elikhulu LaseYurophu — okuwukuphela kwesikhungo esinamandla anele ukuba nomthelela ngokushesha kule nkinga. Uma isiphathimandla semali esiseYurophu sinikezwe amandla okuthenga amabhondi ezwe, lawo mazinga kahulumeni okuboleka angahle ehliselwe emazingeni aphathekayo.
inkingaisikweletui-eurozone
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