Sikufisela usuku oluhle lukaLehman! Ngabe abaphathi bendawo yonke balahlekelwe ama-kryptonite abo, noma amamabula abo nje?
Ngo-Okthoba 5th 2010 kwaba khona ukuphefumula okuzwakalayo enkantolo yaseFrance ePalais de Justice eyingqophamlando lapho 'umhwebi okhohlakele' uJérôme Kerviel etholwa enecala lokwephula ukwethenjwa, ukuhlukunyezwa kwamakhompyutha nokukhohlisa. Umsolwa oneminyaka engu-33 ulahlwe yicala lawa womathathu amacala wabe esegwetshwa iminyaka emihlanu, kwathi iminyaka emibili yalengiswa.
Kwakungekhona 'ukuqina' kwesigwebo okwadonsa umoya nokuphefumula kanzima, kwakuwumonakalo, owabekwa ku- € 4.9bl kuya kuSociété Générale, lesi kwakuyisamba semali amasu akhe okubheja ayingozi abiza abaqashi bakhe bangaphambili Januwari 2008. Isazi samakhompiyutha esazalelwa eBrittany sichazwe njengomuntu osebenza ngokuthula ongaqiniseki osebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe lobuchwepheshe nokuqonda kwezimakethe ukuze akhohlise abaqashi bakhe. Ukudalula leli bhange emisebenzini engatholakalanga ebiza u- € 50bn, ngaphezulu kwenani eliphelele lesabelo sikaSociété Générale ngaleso sikhathi.
"Ukuhlukahluka kwezindlela zakhe zomgunyathi nenkohliso bekuphikiswa kuphela wukusebenza okukhazimulayo, ukuba nekhanda elipholile nokuthula okukhohlisayo akwazi ukukukhombisa nsuku zonke," kusho ijaji. Uma kucatshangelwa kungenzeka ukuthi bekufaneleke kakhulu ukube ukuqabuka bekuthathelwe indawo uhleko, ngenkathi umklomelo omkhulu womonakalo wawungowokuzenzisa, uma umbono bekuwukuthumela umyalezo kubani futhi kanjani? Isigwebo esixegayo sisodwa ngeke sisebenze njengesithiyo.
Ngaphandle kwezenzo zakhe leli bhange kamuva laba yingxenye yebhange le-ECB elikhishwe, yize imali yalo yamasheya okwamanje ingama- € 14 billion kuphela. Kungaphikiswa ukuthi 'izigebengu' ezilahlekelwe yimali eyizigidigidi ezingama- € 38 zamabhange azo kulo nyaka zimane nje ziyinhlanganisela evamile yabaswele ubuchule nababhidlizi bezinhlangano zebhange futhi manje sesamukele lobu buzalwane obuqinile bazohlala bebaleka isijeziso. Kodwa-ke, abatshalizimali abancane, abaphathi besikhwama sempesheni kanye nalabo asebethathe umhlalaphansi kungenzeka bangakwamukeli kangako, ngokungangabazeki bazobeka abaphathi bamanje beSocGen kuqala kulayini wokubonana noMadame Guillotine ngaphambi kukaJérôme Kerviel.
Abahlaziyi abaningi bangaxolelwa ngokuphatha ngezinsolo lezi zinsolo ezivele namhlanje ekuseni ziphakamisa ukuthi omunye umhwebi okhohlakele ngokusobala usebenzise i-amok ekugcineni edala ukulahleka okungagunyaziwe kwe- circa $ 2 billion. Ngenxa yalokhu kulahlekelwa okungachazwanga kwe-UBS, ibhange elikhulu laseSwitzerland, manje kungenzeka lingasasebenzi ekoteni yesithathu. Leli yibhange okwadingeka likhuphule cishe ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-45 kubatshali zimali ngemuva kokuthi uphiko lwebhange lotshalo-mali lurekhode ama-francs aseSwitzerland angama-57.1 billion ($ 65 billion) ekulahlekelweni kwemali eyandayo ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu kuya ku-2009. Kuzoba nezingcingo ezingenakugwemeka zengalo yokutshala imali yebhange manje ncipha ngokuphawulekayo noma usondele.
Isimanga esidabukisayo nesehlakalo esenzekile ngukuthi lokhu kukhwabanisa nokulahleka okusolwayo kufike esikhumbuzweni sesithathu sokugcwaliswa kwamaLehman bros ngokuqothuka, lokhu akungabazeki ukuthi kuzokhuphula ukungabaza ngokuthi kwenziwa ngcono kangakanani ukuthuthuka okucatshangwa ukuthi kuyimithetho nokuzimela selokhu kwafakwa imali ebhange ukuwa ngo-2008-2009 empeleni kunjalo. Yize 'isigameko' seJérôme Kerviel 'singathethelelwa', uma kwenzeka senzeka ngesikhathi kunenkinga enkulu yasebhange, lo mcimbi wakamuva wenzekile ngemuva kwemithetho yokusebenza ehhovisi emuva kanye nokulandelwa kwemithetho okwakucatshangwa ukuthi ibicinisa amanzi.
Lesi sigameko empeleni sizoba nabaningi emithonjeni yezindaba ecija izibaya zabo ukukhomba ukuthi azikho izifundo ezifundwe kusukela ngo-2008 nokubuza lo mbuzo, "uma lokhu kungenzeka ngemuva kuka-2008 ngabe mangaki amanye amabhange amakhulu okutshalwa kwezimali anamandla 'we-sleeper cell' abathengisi abanyonyobela amakamelo abo okuthengisela naphansi? " Ukucabanga ukuthi le 'miscreant' yakamuva iyona kuphela edlondlobala phakathi kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane aqashwe kulo mkhakha, kuyinkolelo efinyelela ezingeni lokuqina.
Udaba olwavezwa 'isehlakalo' seKerviel kwakuwukuthi nje abaphathi abaphezulu kakhulu embonini yamabhange okutshalwa kwezimali babazi kangakanani ngokwenzeka ngempela 'esitolo'. Abaningi abakaze bathole izipikili zabo ezenziwe kahle ngaphakathi kokusikwa kwephepha lokubhida ngokucindezela noma babuze ngokusebenzisa igundane. Lesi sigameko sakamuva singaphinde siveze ukuthi imibhoshongo yezinyo lendlovu abaningi abangena kuyo embonini yasebhange idinga ukukalwa yize kunetiyela elishisayo, ngendlela yokukhishwa kwemithombo yezindaba eyenziwe ngobuciko, lokho ngokungangabazeki kuzokwehla kusuka ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu ukuzivikela kanye nemboni ngenkathi imiklomelo yebhonasi ihlala ingaguquki.
URichard Fuld, inhloko yeLehman Brothers, ubhekane nemibuzo evela eKomitini Lezabameli Lase-US House of Representatives and Reform. U-Rep. UHenry Waxman ubuze;
Inkampani yakho manje seyibhidlikile, umnotho wethu usenkingeni, kepha uthola ukugcina ama- $ 480 million. Nginombuzo oyisisekelo kuwe, ngabe lokhu kulungile?
UFuld uthe empeleni ubethathe cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-300 emholweni namabhonasi kule minyaka eyisishiyagalombili edlule. Phezu kokuzivikela kukaFuld ngokukhokhelwa kwakhe okuphezulu, kubikwa ukuthi imali ephakeme kaLehman Brothers inyuke kakhulu ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sokuqothuka.
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