UFebhu 21 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-5742 • Amazwana Off kumaMelika Ashayela Okuncane Futhi Undiza Ngaphansi, Ingabe Ekugcineni AseNdleleni Engayi ndawo?
"Ngabe incwadi ibingcono kunefilimu?" umbuzo ovame ukuphindwa lapho inoveli ethengisa kakhulu ihunyushelwa kusikrini esikhulu. Ingabe i-The Road ikhathazekile ukuthi le filimu kungenzeka ukuthi ayiyinhle njengaleyo ncwadi, kodwa-ke, le filimu yinhle impela. Ngisanda kuyibuka kabusha futhi uma kukhona umbhalo omncane lapho-ke ubhala ubanzi futhi uyigama elilodwa; "Melika".
Umgwaqo yinoveli yango-2006 yombhali waseMelika uCormac McCarthy. Inganekwane yangemva kokubhujiswa yohambo lukababa nendodana yakhe encane esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezimbalwa, ngaphesheya kwezwe eliqhume inhlekelele engachazwanga esonakalise kakhulu impucuko futhi cishe nayo yonke impilo eMhlabeni.
Ubaba ongakaze aqanjwe ngegama nendodana yakhe encane badabula indawo ebabazekayo yangemva kokubhujiswa, eminyakeni ethile ngemuva kwenhlekelele enkulu engachazwanga ecekele phansi impucuko nempilo eningi eMhlabeni. Izwe ligcwele umlotha futhi alinazo izilwane eziphilayo nohlaza. Iningi labantu abasindile abasele asebenzise ubuzimuzimu, beqola indawo yedolobha nezwe ngokufanayo beyinyama. Unina womfana, ekhulelwe naye ngesikhathi senhlekelele, ulahle ithemba wabe esezibulala esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokuba kuqale indaba, yize uyise anxusa. Okuningi kulencwadi kubhalwe kumuntu wesithathu, kubhekiswa kuye "ubaba" kanye "nendodana" noma "indoda" kanye "nomfana".
Ngokubona ukuthi ngeke basinde ebusika obuzayo lapho bekhona, ubaba uhambisa umfana eningizimu ngemigwaqo engenalutho ebheke olwandle, bephethe izimpahla zabo ezincane ezikhwameni zabo nasenqoleni yesitolo. Le ndoda ikhwehlela igazi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ekugcineni ibone ukuthi iyafa, kepha isalwela ukuvikela indodana yayo ezinsongweni eziqhubekayo zokuhlaselwa, ukuvezwa kanye nendlala…
Umkhankaso wezemvelo waseBrithani uGeorge Monbiot wahlatshwa umxhwele yiThe Road waze wamemezela ukuthi uMcCarthy ungomunye wabantu "abangama-50 abangasindisa iplanethi" esihlokweni esashicilelwa ngoJanuwari 2008. UMonbiot wabhala;
Kungaba incwadi ebaluleke kunazo zonke yezemvelo. Kungukuzama ukucabanga okucabanga umhlaba ongenayo i-biosphere, futhi kukhombisa ukuthi konke esikwazayo kuncike esimisweni semvelo.
Lokhu kuphakanyiswa kunanela ukubuyekezwa okwabhalwa nguMonbiot ezinyangeni ezithile ngaphambili kwiThe Guardian lapho abhala khona;
Emasontweni ambalwa edlule ngifunde engikholelwa ukuthi yincwadi ebaluleke kakhulu yezemvelo eyake yabhalwa. Akuyona Intwasahlobo ethule, iSmall Is Beautiful noma i-Walden imbala. Ayinawo amagrafu, awekho amatafula, awekho amaqiniso, izibalo, izexwayiso, ukubikezela noma izimpikiswano. Futhi ayinaso isigwebo esisodwa esesabekayo, okuthi, ngokudabukisayo, sikuhlukanise nemibhalo eminingi yezemvelo. Yincwadi, eyaqala ukushicilelwa ngonyaka owedlule, futhi izoshintsha indlela obona ngayo umhlaba.
Amagama amabili; "Ukunyathela kwekhabhoni" kunyamalale kwisichazamazwi naku-zeitgeist wengxoxo yansuku zonke eminyakeni edlule. Mhlawumbe le nkulumo ibithathwa njenge- 'anti-thesis' ekukhuleni, ngakho-ke lawa magama amabili adinga ukuvalelwa ekamelweni lezomnotho 101. Awunakukhula ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, ngakho-ke amagama amabili athathwa njengo “cha cha” . Futhi ezweni elikholelwa kuBigfoot ngaphezu kwekhabhoni ukungabi nentshisekelo kuzindlela zokonga uphethiloli akumangazi.
Izakhamizi zase-USA abazi ukuthi bazalwa nini uma ucabanga ukuthi bakhokhelani uphethiloli (igesi) uma kuqhathaniswa ngqo nabazala babo baseYurophu. Uvalo selugcwele e-USA ukuthi intengo kaphethiloli ingakhuphuka ifike ku- $ 4 ilitha .. ”yini, udlala ngami, ngiyilitha, besaba ukuthi uphethroli ungama-dollar amane?”
Amadola amane athenga cishe amakhilogremu amabili nengxenye. Imethrikhi enzima ingu-4.5 litha kuya kugaloni, e-UK intengo yelitha ngalinye elingenalutho isondela ngokushesha ngamapeni ayi-140, ngakho-ke ake “senze izibalo” njengoba bethanda ukusho 'laphaya' ..
'Ingamalitha' kaphethiloli e-UK angabiza amapeni ayi-630. Ukube abazala bethu base-USA bebekhokha imali elinganayo nezakhamizi zase-UK ukuthola amalitha kaphethroli ngabe bakhokha cishe u- $ 9.95..ouch…
Manje lokhu akuyona indatshana ecubungula izizathu zokwehluka kwamanani anikezwe impendulo ekhanyayo yintela. Noma ngabe yiliphi iqembu lase-USA elinikeza amandla ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuzenzisa kwentando yeningi, abasoze baletha inani lentela elengeziwe noma intela eqondile yentela ngokuqhathanisa neyaseYurophu kumafutha asekhaya noma ezimboni. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi ukuzibulala kwezomnotho ngokuzibulala kuzoba khona ngaso leso sikhathi. Futhi lo mbhalo awuzukubuza umbuzo osobala wokuthi kungani inkanuko yase-USA enganqandeki nokoma kukawoyela kuzoyiyisa ezimpini zakwamanye amazwe kuze kube yilapho amazwe okugcina kawoyela ethi 'amaklayenti', kunenye indlela ethakazelisa kakhulu entengo kaphethiloli kanye USA lapho abahlaziyi abaningi bezimakethe behluleka ukuyiveza. Yize abaseMelika benentela ephansi, yize abaseMelika bekhokha imali elinganiselwa cishe kwengxenye yezindleko zabantu baseYurophu ngophethiloli, yize umholo wabo ophakathi ungowaphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni othuthukile, abakwazi ukuthola uphethiloli wokushayela, onqenqemeni ..
Ngabe amanani kagesi enza ukuthi abaseMelika bacabange kabusha ngothando lwabo ngokushayela?
Ngokusho kweFederal Highway Administration yoMnyango Wezokuthutha waseMelika, abaseMelika bashayela kancane. Bahambe ngamamayela angama-38.3 billion ngaphansi kuka-2011, ukwehla ngamaphesenti ayi-2010. Ushintsho aluzange luphawuleke kangako esifundeni esisenyakatho maphakathi ne-US, kufaka ne-Ohio, lapho kwehle khona amaphesenti ayi-1.4 kuya kumamayela ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-0.7.
IGas Buddy, iwebhusayithi ebheka amanani entengo kaphethiloli nezinye izindaba ezihlobene nayo, ibhale nge-blog ngoMsombuluko ukuthi lokhu kuyingxenye yesitayela ebesilokhu siqhubeka kusukela amanani entengo kagesi efika ku- $ 4 ngelitha ngo-2008.
Amanani kawoyela we-WTI asedlulile ku- $ 100 umaki womgqomo kanti i- “Business Insider” ibika ukuthi “abanye abahlaziyi bakawoyela babikezela u- $ 4.50 amalitha noma ngaphezulu ngeSikhumbuzo Day oGwini oluseNtshonalanga namadolobha amakhulu e-United States njengeChicago, New York kanye E-Atlanta. ”
Kunezici eziningana ezithinta amanani kaphethiloli, njengoba iGreat Recession America ibishayela kancane ngenxa yokungasebenzi noma ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa imisebenzi, labo bantu baseMelika abasazimisele ukusebenzisa imali yabo abayisebenzele kanzima bashelela esihlalweni esiphambi kwamakhompyutha abo kunokuba bashelele ngemuva kwesondo lemoto yabo ibika i- "The Wall Street Journal," njengoba izibalo ze-e-commerce zikhombisa ukwanda ngamaphesenti ayi-16 ekuthengisweni kwe-inthanethi kwikota yesine ka-2011.
NgoFebhuwari 2010 abaseMelika babekhokha u- $ 2.50 ngegaloni ngalinye, ngoMeyi wonyaka ophelile amanani entengo kagesi ayenyukele ku- $ 4.01 ngelitha ngalinye. AbaseMelika baqala ukunciphisa ukushayela kwabo futhi imakethe yaphendula. Izintengo zegesi ziyehla kancane njengoba ifinyelele kumamaki amane futhi ngosuku lokuqala luka-2012 amanani asehle afika ku- $ 3.10. Manje izintengo sezikhuphukela phezulu, intengo emaphakathi yegesi e-Atlanta (ngokusho kwe-GasBuddy.com) ku- $ 3.56.
Izindleko ezijwayelekile zikaphethiloli ojwayelekile eCalifornia zikhuphuke zedlula ama- $ 4 ngegaloni, namathemba okuba namanani aphakeme kakhulu ngaphambili. Ukwanda okukhulu okwenzeke muva nje kuzwelonke nakuzwelonke kungalimaza abathengi futhi, nomnotho obanzi.
Ukushaya Umgwaqo
Bonke abantu baseMelika 'abajwayelekile' babika ukuthi impilo yansuku zonke ibiza malini, futhi lokhu emphakathini bekuyiminyaka engamashumi amathathu imali ebanjwayo ibekwe kuma-3% kanti umholo ophakathi wama- $ 40,000 uphakeme kakhulu kuneYurophu. Uma intengo yephula amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-4 futhi futhi ihlala ngaphezu kwale ndawo yokumelana nobude besikhathi, uthando oluhlala njalo lwamaMelika ngokushayela lungahlolwa kakhulu. Lokhu ezweni elikhulu kakhulu ukuthi ezokuthutha ezisheshayo ezinyakazayo ezizofika sekwephuze kakhulu futhi kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo, umcimbi weposi ngemuva komcabango.
Ngenkathi incwadi ethi Umgwaqo ikhomba ikusasa le-apocalyptic for America ngokususelwa kulokho okubonakala kungumnyakazo womcimbi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka i-USA isivele yathatha izinyathelo zokuqala ukungena kulowo mgwaqo. Uphethiloli ku- $ 5 yi-rubicon kwabaningi baseMelika, uphethiloli ku- circa $ 10 (okulingana ne-Europe) angaletha ukuwa kwezomnotho nezenhlalo ngokulandelana okusheshayo. I-USA ayikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa ngokungaqondile nangokungeyikho amanani entengo kaphethiloli ngokumane inyuse isikweletu sikazwelonke unomphela njengesibonelelo sosizo.
Iqiniso lokukhuphula intela ngophethiloli akuyona into ethandwayo ehloselwe iphesenti elilodwa, kepha kungekudala abantu baseMelika abavamile kuzofanele babhekane nephuzu lokuncipha, udaba lukawoyela oluphakeme. Uphethiloli wabo ushibhile kakhulu futhi ngqo nangokungaqondile iningi lethu likhokha inani.
amanani kaphethiloliukusa
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Abantu baseMelika Bashayela Ngaphansi Futhi Bandiza Ngaphansi, Ingabe Ekugcineni Basendleleni Engayi ndawo?
UFebhu 21 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-5742 • Amazwana Off kumaMelika Ashayela Okuncane Futhi Undiza Ngaphansi, Ingabe Ekugcineni AseNdleleni Engayi ndawo?
"Ngabe incwadi ibingcono kunefilimu?" umbuzo ovame ukuphindwa lapho inoveli ethengisa kakhulu ihunyushelwa kusikrini esikhulu. Ingabe i-The Road ikhathazekile ukuthi le filimu kungenzeka ukuthi ayiyinhle njengaleyo ncwadi, kodwa-ke, le filimu yinhle impela. Ngisanda kuyibuka kabusha futhi uma kukhona umbhalo omncane lapho-ke ubhala ubanzi futhi uyigama elilodwa; "Melika".
Umgwaqo yinoveli yango-2006 yombhali waseMelika uCormac McCarthy. Inganekwane yangemva kokubhujiswa yohambo lukababa nendodana yakhe encane esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezimbalwa, ngaphesheya kwezwe eliqhume inhlekelele engachazwanga esonakalise kakhulu impucuko futhi cishe nayo yonke impilo eMhlabeni.
Ubaba ongakaze aqanjwe ngegama nendodana yakhe encane badabula indawo ebabazekayo yangemva kokubhujiswa, eminyakeni ethile ngemuva kwenhlekelele enkulu engachazwanga ecekele phansi impucuko nempilo eningi eMhlabeni. Izwe ligcwele umlotha futhi alinazo izilwane eziphilayo nohlaza. Iningi labantu abasindile abasele asebenzise ubuzimuzimu, beqola indawo yedolobha nezwe ngokufanayo beyinyama. Unina womfana, ekhulelwe naye ngesikhathi senhlekelele, ulahle ithemba wabe esezibulala esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokuba kuqale indaba, yize uyise anxusa. Okuningi kulencwadi kubhalwe kumuntu wesithathu, kubhekiswa kuye "ubaba" kanye "nendodana" noma "indoda" kanye "nomfana".
Ngokubona ukuthi ngeke basinde ebusika obuzayo lapho bekhona, ubaba uhambisa umfana eningizimu ngemigwaqo engenalutho ebheke olwandle, bephethe izimpahla zabo ezincane ezikhwameni zabo nasenqoleni yesitolo. Le ndoda ikhwehlela igazi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ekugcineni ibone ukuthi iyafa, kepha isalwela ukuvikela indodana yayo ezinsongweni eziqhubekayo zokuhlaselwa, ukuvezwa kanye nendlala…
Umkhankaso wezemvelo waseBrithani uGeorge Monbiot wahlatshwa umxhwele yiThe Road waze wamemezela ukuthi uMcCarthy ungomunye wabantu "abangama-50 abangasindisa iplanethi" esihlokweni esashicilelwa ngoJanuwari 2008. UMonbiot wabhala;
Kungaba incwadi ebaluleke kunazo zonke yezemvelo. Kungukuzama ukucabanga okucabanga umhlaba ongenayo i-biosphere, futhi kukhombisa ukuthi konke esikwazayo kuncike esimisweni semvelo.
Lokhu kuphakanyiswa kunanela ukubuyekezwa okwabhalwa nguMonbiot ezinyangeni ezithile ngaphambili kwiThe Guardian lapho abhala khona;
Emasontweni ambalwa edlule ngifunde engikholelwa ukuthi yincwadi ebaluleke kakhulu yezemvelo eyake yabhalwa. Akuyona Intwasahlobo ethule, iSmall Is Beautiful noma i-Walden imbala. Ayinawo amagrafu, awekho amatafula, awekho amaqiniso, izibalo, izexwayiso, ukubikezela noma izimpikiswano. Futhi ayinaso isigwebo esisodwa esesabekayo, okuthi, ngokudabukisayo, sikuhlukanise nemibhalo eminingi yezemvelo. Yincwadi, eyaqala ukushicilelwa ngonyaka owedlule, futhi izoshintsha indlela obona ngayo umhlaba.
Amagama amabili; "Ukunyathela kwekhabhoni" kunyamalale kwisichazamazwi naku-zeitgeist wengxoxo yansuku zonke eminyakeni edlule. Mhlawumbe le nkulumo ibithathwa njenge- 'anti-thesis' ekukhuleni, ngakho-ke lawa magama amabili adinga ukuvalelwa ekamelweni lezomnotho 101. Awunakukhula ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, ngakho-ke amagama amabili athathwa njengo “cha cha” . Futhi ezweni elikholelwa kuBigfoot ngaphezu kwekhabhoni ukungabi nentshisekelo kuzindlela zokonga uphethiloli akumangazi.
Izakhamizi zase-USA abazi ukuthi bazalwa nini uma ucabanga ukuthi bakhokhelani uphethiloli (igesi) uma kuqhathaniswa ngqo nabazala babo baseYurophu. Uvalo selugcwele e-USA ukuthi intengo kaphethiloli ingakhuphuka ifike ku- $ 4 ilitha .. ”yini, udlala ngami, ngiyilitha, besaba ukuthi uphethroli ungama-dollar amane?”
Amadola amane athenga cishe amakhilogremu amabili nengxenye. Imethrikhi enzima ingu-4.5 litha kuya kugaloni, e-UK intengo yelitha ngalinye elingenalutho isondela ngokushesha ngamapeni ayi-140, ngakho-ke ake “senze izibalo” njengoba bethanda ukusho 'laphaya' ..
'Ingamalitha' kaphethiloli e-UK angabiza amapeni ayi-630. Ukube abazala bethu base-USA bebekhokha imali elinganayo nezakhamizi zase-UK ukuthola amalitha kaphethroli ngabe bakhokha cishe u- $ 9.95..ouch…
Manje lokhu akuyona indatshana ecubungula izizathu zokwehluka kwamanani anikezwe impendulo ekhanyayo yintela. Noma ngabe yiliphi iqembu lase-USA elinikeza amandla ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuzenzisa kwentando yeningi, abasoze baletha inani lentela elengeziwe noma intela eqondile yentela ngokuqhathanisa neyaseYurophu kumafutha asekhaya noma ezimboni. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi ukuzibulala kwezomnotho ngokuzibulala kuzoba khona ngaso leso sikhathi. Futhi lo mbhalo awuzukubuza umbuzo osobala wokuthi kungani inkanuko yase-USA enganqandeki nokoma kukawoyela kuzoyiyisa ezimpini zakwamanye amazwe kuze kube yilapho amazwe okugcina kawoyela ethi 'amaklayenti', kunenye indlela ethakazelisa kakhulu entengo kaphethiloli kanye USA lapho abahlaziyi abaningi bezimakethe behluleka ukuyiveza. Yize abaseMelika benentela ephansi, yize abaseMelika bekhokha imali elinganiselwa cishe kwengxenye yezindleko zabantu baseYurophu ngophethiloli, yize umholo wabo ophakathi ungowaphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni othuthukile, abakwazi ukuthola uphethiloli wokushayela, onqenqemeni ..
Ngabe amanani kagesi enza ukuthi abaseMelika bacabange kabusha ngothando lwabo ngokushayela?
Ngokusho kweFederal Highway Administration yoMnyango Wezokuthutha waseMelika, abaseMelika bashayela kancane. Bahambe ngamamayela angama-38.3 billion ngaphansi kuka-2011, ukwehla ngamaphesenti ayi-2010. Ushintsho aluzange luphawuleke kangako esifundeni esisenyakatho maphakathi ne-US, kufaka ne-Ohio, lapho kwehle khona amaphesenti ayi-1.4 kuya kumamayela ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-0.7.
IGas Buddy, iwebhusayithi ebheka amanani entengo kaphethiloli nezinye izindaba ezihlobene nayo, ibhale nge-blog ngoMsombuluko ukuthi lokhu kuyingxenye yesitayela ebesilokhu siqhubeka kusukela amanani entengo kagesi efika ku- $ 4 ngelitha ngo-2008.
Amanani kawoyela we-WTI asedlulile ku- $ 100 umaki womgqomo kanti i- “Business Insider” ibika ukuthi “abanye abahlaziyi bakawoyela babikezela u- $ 4.50 amalitha noma ngaphezulu ngeSikhumbuzo Day oGwini oluseNtshonalanga namadolobha amakhulu e-United States njengeChicago, New York kanye E-Atlanta. ”
Kunezici eziningana ezithinta amanani kaphethiloli, njengoba iGreat Recession America ibishayela kancane ngenxa yokungasebenzi noma ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa imisebenzi, labo bantu baseMelika abasazimisele ukusebenzisa imali yabo abayisebenzele kanzima bashelela esihlalweni esiphambi kwamakhompyutha abo kunokuba bashelele ngemuva kwesondo lemoto yabo ibika i- "The Wall Street Journal," njengoba izibalo ze-e-commerce zikhombisa ukwanda ngamaphesenti ayi-16 ekuthengisweni kwe-inthanethi kwikota yesine ka-2011.
NgoFebhuwari 2010 abaseMelika babekhokha u- $ 2.50 ngegaloni ngalinye, ngoMeyi wonyaka ophelile amanani entengo kagesi ayenyukele ku- $ 4.01 ngelitha ngalinye. AbaseMelika baqala ukunciphisa ukushayela kwabo futhi imakethe yaphendula. Izintengo zegesi ziyehla kancane njengoba ifinyelele kumamaki amane futhi ngosuku lokuqala luka-2012 amanani asehle afika ku- $ 3.10. Manje izintengo sezikhuphukela phezulu, intengo emaphakathi yegesi e-Atlanta (ngokusho kwe-GasBuddy.com) ku- $ 3.56.
Izindleko ezijwayelekile zikaphethiloli ojwayelekile eCalifornia zikhuphuke zedlula ama- $ 4 ngegaloni, namathemba okuba namanani aphakeme kakhulu ngaphambili. Ukwanda okukhulu okwenzeke muva nje kuzwelonke nakuzwelonke kungalimaza abathengi futhi, nomnotho obanzi.
Ukushaya Umgwaqo
Bonke abantu baseMelika 'abajwayelekile' babika ukuthi impilo yansuku zonke ibiza malini, futhi lokhu emphakathini bekuyiminyaka engamashumi amathathu imali ebanjwayo ibekwe kuma-3% kanti umholo ophakathi wama- $ 40,000 uphakeme kakhulu kuneYurophu. Uma intengo yephula amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-4 futhi futhi ihlala ngaphezu kwale ndawo yokumelana nobude besikhathi, uthando oluhlala njalo lwamaMelika ngokushayela lungahlolwa kakhulu. Lokhu ezweni elikhulu kakhulu ukuthi ezokuthutha ezisheshayo ezinyakazayo ezizofika sekwephuze kakhulu futhi kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo, umcimbi weposi ngemuva komcabango.
Ngenkathi incwadi ethi Umgwaqo ikhomba ikusasa le-apocalyptic for America ngokususelwa kulokho okubonakala kungumnyakazo womcimbi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka i-USA isivele yathatha izinyathelo zokuqala ukungena kulowo mgwaqo. Uphethiloli ku- $ 5 yi-rubicon kwabaningi baseMelika, uphethiloli ku- circa $ 10 (okulingana ne-Europe) angaletha ukuwa kwezomnotho nezenhlalo ngokulandelana okusheshayo. I-USA ayikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa ngokungaqondile nangokungeyikho amanani entengo kaphethiloli ngokumane inyuse isikweletu sikazwelonke unomphela njengesibonelelo sosizo.
Iqiniso lokukhuphula intela ngophethiloli akuyona into ethandwayo ehloselwe iphesenti elilodwa, kepha kungekudala abantu baseMelika abavamile kuzofanele babhekane nephuzu lokuncipha, udaba lukawoyela oluphakeme. Uphethiloli wabo ushibhile kakhulu futhi ngqo nangokungaqondile iningi lethu likhokha inani.
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