Eph 2 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-8747 • Amazwana Off kuhlelo olusha lwemali yaseChina
Ngo-2009, i-People's Bank of China yasebenzisa i-Shanghai ukuqala uhlelo lwesivivinyo lokuvumela izinkampani zaseShayina ukuthi zixazulule ukuhwebelana kwemingcele ye-yuan—manje osekunwetshiwe ukuze kufake nezwe lonke. Kuzophinde kwethulwe uhlelo olusha lwesilingo e-Shanghai.
Uhlelo lwe-yuan-fund “iyalungiswa”, uFang Xinghai, umqondisi-jikelele weHhovisi likaMasipala Wezinsizakalo Zezezimali eShanghai, engxoxweni abe nayo neThe Wall Street Journal ngoMsombuluko. Abaphathi abagunyaziwe bezimali ezizimele zokulingana kanye ne-hedge, kokubili emazweni ngamazwe nasekhaya, bazokwazi ukukhulisa imali ye-yuan ezinkampanini zase-China nakubantu ngabanye futhi bayitshale ezimakethe zangaphandle. Kuzodingeka izimali, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuze ubhalise e-Shanghai ukuze ubambe iqhaza ohlelweni.
I-Shanghai isesimweni esihle sokuqala izivivinyo zezinguquko zezezimali
I-Shanghai ihlela uhlelo lokuhlola ukuvumela izimali ze-forex nezinye ukuthi ziqongelele izimali ze-yuan ezwenikazi ukuze zitshalwe phesheya kwezilwandle. Kuzophawula isinyathelo sakamuva seziphathimandla zaseShayina sokuxegisa izilawuli zokugeleza kwemali enqamula imingcele.
I-China ibinciphisa imikhawulo enjalo njengengxenye yesifiso sayo esibanzi sokuguqula i-yuan ibe yimali yamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa ukulawulwa kwezimali okuqinile kusalokhu kuyingxenye yenqubomgomo yesikhathi eside ehloselwe ukuphatha izinga lokushintshisana kwe-yuan kanye nokuvikela uhlelo lwezezimali oluntengantengayo lwezwe ekushaqisweni kwangaphandle.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yalolo shintsho ibandakanya ukwenza uhlobo lwemali yayo luguquleke ngokugcwele kanye nokuvuselela umkhakha wezezimali wezwe. Ibhange elimaphakathi livumele ukushintsha okukhulu kwezindlela ezimbili ezilinganisweni zokushintshisana kwe-yuan kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ngokwengxenye ukuvumela imakethe idlale indima enkulu ekunqumeni inani le-yuan.
Kusukela ngo-2010, lapho i-PBOC ivumela i-yuan ukuthi intante kancane, ingenele kaningi ukuze iqondise imali phezulu. Kepha indlela yesikhathi esizayo ye-yuan iye yaba muncu njengoba insalela yezohwebo yaseChina iguguleke ezinyangeni ezedlule. I-yuan yehle ngo-0.06% uma iqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika ngekota yokuqala, ukwehla kokuqala kwekota eminyakeni emibili. Lokho kuqhathaniswa no-4.7% wokubonga ngo-2011.
Ukushintshashintsha kwakamuva kwenani le-yuan, abaningi bathi, kumelela uphawu lokuvuthwa kohlobo lwemali futhi kungaholela ekuzimiseleni okukhulu phakathi kwemindeni yaseShayina yokushintsha imali eyitholayo ibe yizinhlobo zemali zakwamanye amazwe. Lapho i-yuan yehla ngenani, abantu baseShayina bangase bathambekele kakhulu ekubambeni impahla yedola.
Esinye sezizathu ezibalulekile zentshisekelo eqhubekayo yangaphandle ezimakethe zase-China ukukhuphuka kwenani ku-yuan, okuthuthukisa imbuyiselo ezimpahleni ze-yuan. Ukuze izimakethe zikhule esikhathini esizayo zidinga ukubona izimpawu zokuthi uhulumeni uzovumela le mali ukuthi ihwebe ngokukhululeka.
Ukukhululwa kwezimakethe ezinkulu kuwumbandela oyinhloko wokuthi i-yuan ibe uhlobo lwemali olungasetshenziselwa uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. I-Shanghai ihlose ukuba isikhungo somhlaba wonke sokususa i-yuan, intengo nokuhweba eminyakeni emithathu ezayo.
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« Ukubuyekezwa Kwemakethe ngo-Ephreli 2 2012 Imayelana Nemisebenzi Ese-US Kuleli Sonto »
Isinyathelo Esisha Semali YamaShayina
Eph 2 • Amazwana eMakethe • Ukubukwa okungu-8747 • Amazwana Off kuhlelo olusha lwemali yaseChina
Ngo-2009, i-People's Bank of China yasebenzisa i-Shanghai ukuqala uhlelo lwesivivinyo lokuvumela izinkampani zaseShayina ukuthi zixazulule ukuhwebelana kwemingcele ye-yuan—manje osekunwetshiwe ukuze kufake nezwe lonke. Kuzophinde kwethulwe uhlelo olusha lwesilingo e-Shanghai.
Uhlelo lwe-yuan-fund “iyalungiswa”, uFang Xinghai, umqondisi-jikelele weHhovisi likaMasipala Wezinsizakalo Zezezimali eShanghai, engxoxweni abe nayo neThe Wall Street Journal ngoMsombuluko. Abaphathi abagunyaziwe bezimali ezizimele zokulingana kanye ne-hedge, kokubili emazweni ngamazwe nasekhaya, bazokwazi ukukhulisa imali ye-yuan ezinkampanini zase-China nakubantu ngabanye futhi bayitshale ezimakethe zangaphandle. Kuzodingeka izimali, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuze ubhalise e-Shanghai ukuze ubambe iqhaza ohlelweni.
I-Shanghai isesimweni esihle sokuqala izivivinyo zezinguquko zezezimali
I-Shanghai ihlela uhlelo lokuhlola ukuvumela izimali ze-forex nezinye ukuthi ziqongelele izimali ze-yuan ezwenikazi ukuze zitshalwe phesheya kwezilwandle. Kuzophawula isinyathelo sakamuva seziphathimandla zaseShayina sokuxegisa izilawuli zokugeleza kwemali enqamula imingcele.
I-China ibinciphisa imikhawulo enjalo njengengxenye yesifiso sayo esibanzi sokuguqula i-yuan ibe yimali yamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa ukulawulwa kwezimali okuqinile kusalokhu kuyingxenye yenqubomgomo yesikhathi eside ehloselwe ukuphatha izinga lokushintshisana kwe-yuan kanye nokuvikela uhlelo lwezezimali oluntengantengayo lwezwe ekushaqisweni kwangaphandle.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yalolo shintsho ibandakanya ukwenza uhlobo lwemali yayo luguquleke ngokugcwele kanye nokuvuselela umkhakha wezezimali wezwe. Ibhange elimaphakathi livumele ukushintsha okukhulu kwezindlela ezimbili ezilinganisweni zokushintshisana kwe-yuan kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ngokwengxenye ukuvumela imakethe idlale indima enkulu ekunqumeni inani le-yuan.
Kusukela ngo-2010, lapho i-PBOC ivumela i-yuan ukuthi intante kancane, ingenele kaningi ukuze iqondise imali phezulu. Kepha indlela yesikhathi esizayo ye-yuan iye yaba muncu njengoba insalela yezohwebo yaseChina iguguleke ezinyangeni ezedlule. I-yuan yehle ngo-0.06% uma iqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika ngekota yokuqala, ukwehla kokuqala kwekota eminyakeni emibili. Lokho kuqhathaniswa no-4.7% wokubonga ngo-2011.
Ukushintshashintsha kwakamuva kwenani le-yuan, abaningi bathi, kumelela uphawu lokuvuthwa kohlobo lwemali futhi kungaholela ekuzimiseleni okukhulu phakathi kwemindeni yaseShayina yokushintsha imali eyitholayo ibe yizinhlobo zemali zakwamanye amazwe. Lapho i-yuan yehla ngenani, abantu baseShayina bangase bathambekele kakhulu ekubambeni impahla yedola.
Esinye sezizathu ezibalulekile zentshisekelo eqhubekayo yangaphandle ezimakethe zase-China ukukhuphuka kwenani ku-yuan, okuthuthukisa imbuyiselo ezimpahleni ze-yuan. Ukuze izimakethe zikhule esikhathini esizayo zidinga ukubona izimpawu zokuthi uhulumeni uzovumela le mali ukuthi ihwebe ngokukhululeka.
Ukukhululwa kwezimakethe ezinkulu kuwumbandela oyinhloko wokuthi i-yuan ibe uhlobo lwemali olungasetshenziselwa uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. I-Shanghai ihlose ukuba isikhungo somhlaba wonke sokususa i-yuan, intengo nokuhweba eminyakeni emithathu ezayo.
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« Ukubuyekezwa Kwemakethe ngo-Ephreli 2 2012 Imayelana Nemisebenzi Ese-US Kuleli Sonto »