Odala tsiku la Lehman! Kodi ambuye achilengedwe ataya kryptonite yawo, kapena ma marble awo?
Pa Okutobala 5th 2010 kudamveka ku khothi ku France ku mbiri yakale ya Palais de Justice pomwe 'wochita malonda' Jérôme Kerviel adatsutsidwa ndikuphwanya chikhulupiriro, nkhanza zamakompyuta komanso chinyengo. Mnyamata wazaka 33 adapezeka wolakwa pamilandu yonse itatu ndipo adaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka zisanu, pomwe zaka ziwiri zaimitsidwa.
Sichinali 'kuwuma' kwa chiganizo chomwe chidapangitsa kuti anthu azipuma komanso kupuma mwamphamvu, zinali zowonongekera, zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ku € 4.9bl kupita ku Société Générale, iyi inali ndalama zonse zomwe njira zake zowetchera zowopsa zidawonongera omwe adamulembera kale Januwale 2008. Katswiri wamakompyuta wobadwira ku Brittany adanenedwa ngati munthu wodekha yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito luso lake laumisiri komanso kumvetsetsa kwamisika kuti apusitse omlemba ntchito. Kuwonetsa banki pamalonda osavumbulutsidwa a mtengo wa € 50bn, kuposa ndalama zonse za Société Générale panthawiyo.
"Njira zosiyanasiyana zopeka zachinyengo zidamenyedwa chifukwa cha kuyambiranso kowoneka bwino, bata lokhazikika komanso bata lachinyengo lomwe amatha kuwonetsa tsiku ndi tsiku," adatero woweruzayo. Poganizira, mwina zikadakhala zoyenera ngati kuponyako kudasinthidwa ndikuseka, pomwe mphotho yayikulu yophiphiritsa inali yopusitsika, ngati lingalirolo linali kutumiza uthenga kwa ndani ndi motani? Chilango chofewa chokha sichingakhale cholepheretsa.
Mosasamala kanthu za zomwe anachita banki pambuyo pake idakhala gawo limodzi la kubweza kwa banki ya ECB, ngakhale kuti share share ikadali pa 14 biliyoni yokha. Titha kunena kuti 'achifwamba' omwe ataya ndalama pafupifupi mabiliyoni a ma 38 mabiliyoni a mabanki chaka chino ndiomwe amangokhalira kusakanikirana ndi omwe sanakwanitse kuchita ntchito zawo komanso owononga mabungwe akubanki ndipo tavomereza ubale wolimbawu nthawi zonse chilango. Komabe, osungitsa ndalama zazing'ono, oyang'anira ndalama za penshoni komanso opuma pantchito mwina sangakhale ovomereza, mosakayikira adzaika oyang'anira a SocGen patsogolo pamzere wokaonana ndi Madame Guillotine patsogolo pa Jérôme Kerviel.
Owonerera ambiri atha kukhululukidwa chifukwa chofunsa zolakwika zomwe zanenedwa m'mawa uno posonyeza kuti wamalonda wina wankhanza zikuwoneka kuti wayendetsa mwadzidzidzi ndikupangitsa kutayika kosaloledwa kwa circa $ 2 biliyoni. Chifukwa cha kutayika kosadziwika kwa UBS, banki yayikulu kwambiri ku Switzerland, itha kukhala yopanda phindu m'gawo lachitatu. Iyi ndi banki yomwe idayenera kupeza $ 45 biliyoni kuchokera kwa osunga ndalama pambuyo poti gawo logulitsa mabizinesi lidalemba 57.1 biliyoni ya Swiss francs ($ 65 biliyoni) pakuwonongeka kwa pretax mzaka zitatu kupyola mu 2009. Padzakhala kuyitanidwa kosapeweka kwa banki yoyang'anira ndalama ku tsopano kuchepa kwambiri kapena kutseka.
Chomvetsa chisoni ndichakuti zochitika zachinyengozi zachitika pachikumbutso chachitatu cha Lehman bros kufalitsa bankirapuse, izi mosakayikira zidzabweretsa kukayikira zakuti kusintha komwe kumayendetsedwa ndikukwaniritsa zomwe zachitika kuyambira kubanki kugwa mu 2008-2009 kwenikweni kuli. Pomwe 'chochitika' cha Jérôme Kerviel 'chitha' kukhululukidwa ', popeza zidachitika pomwe mavuto aku banki amakula, chochitika chatsopanochi chachitika pambuyo poti malamulo abwerera kuofesi ndikutsatira tsopano akuti kumizidwa madzi.
Izi zikhala ndi anthu ambiri atolankhani omwe akulembera zolembera zawo kuti anene kuti palibe zomwe zaphunziridwa kuyambira 2008 ndikufunsa funso kuti, "ngati izi zitha kuchitika pambuyo pa 2008 ndiye kuti ndi mabanki angati akuluakulu azachuma omwe ali ndi vuto la 'sleeper cell' amalonda akuyenda mosamala m'zipinda zawo zamalonda ndi pansi? " Kuganiza kuti 'wopusa' waposachedwa ndiye yekhayo pakati pa anthu masauzande ambiri omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pamsikawu, akukhulupirira kwambiri kuti kusakhazikika.
Imodzi mwa zomwe zomwe Kerviel adachita zidawulula zakuti oyang'anira omwe anali pamwamba kwambiri pamabizinesi azachuma sanadziwe zomwe zidachitika 'shopu'. Ambiri sanapeze misomali yawo yodzisungitsa bwino papepala lokanikiza kapena kufunsa pogwiritsa ntchito mbewa. Zochitika zaposachedwa izi zitha kutsimikiziranso kuti nsanja zaminyanga ya njovu zomwe ambiri amakhala m'makampani amabanki amafunika kukulirakulira ngakhale phula lotentha, ngati zofalitsa zopangidwa mwaluso, zomwe mosakayikira zidzatsika kuchokera kumtunda waukulu kudzitchinjiriza ndi malonda pomwe Mphotho za bonasi zimakhalabe zolimba.
A Richard Fuld, wamkulu wa a Lehman Brothers, adakumana ndi mafunso ochokera ku Komiti Yoyang'anira Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku US Yoyang'anira ndi Kukonzanso Maboma. Rep. Henry Waxman adafunsa;
Kampani yanu tsopano yatha, chuma chathu chili pamavuto, koma muyenera kusunga $ 480 miliyoni. Ndili ndi funso lofunikira kwambiri kwa inu, sichoncho?
Fuld adati adangotenga ndalama pafupifupi $ 300 miliyoni pamalipiro ndi ma bonasi pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazi. Ngakhale Fuld adadzitchinjiriza pamalipiro ake akulu, Lehman Brothers amalipiritsa wamkulu akuti adakwera kwambiri asadasungire bankirapuse.
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