Gawo 19 • Ndemanga za Msika • 6335 Views • Comments Off pa Fuel for Thought
United States ndi yomwe imapanga mafuta ochuluka kwambiri a ethanol padziko lapansi. US idapanga malita 50.0 biliyoni a mafuta a ethanol mu 2010. Mafuta a Ethanol amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku US ngati oxygenate ku mafuta. Mu 2009, kuchokera pamafuta onse amafuta mdziko muno, 99% idadyedwa ngati ethanol mu gasohol. Mafuta ambiri aku US amapangidwa kuchokera ku chimanga ndipo magetsi ofunikira a ma distilleries amachokera kuzomera zamalasha, mtsutsowu ukupitilira momwe bio-ethanol yokhazikika pachimanga ikusinthira mafuta mu magalimoto. Zotsutsazo komanso kutsutsana kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa malo olimidwa omwe amafunikira mbewu ndi momwe zimakhudzira kupezeka kwa tirigu wapadziko lonse lapansi, kusintha kosintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka, komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu ya kaboni polingalira za moyo wathunthu wa ethanol kupanga.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Arab Spring asinthe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Mohamed Bouazizi wazaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi yemwe amakhala m'tawuni ya Sidi Bouzid, ku Tunisia, anali ndi digiri ya kuyunivesite koma alibe ntchito. Pofuna kupeza ndalama anayamba kugulitsa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'misewu wopanda chilolezo. Akuluakulu aku Tunisia adamuletsa ndikulanda zokolola zake, mosimidwa adadziyatsa moto Loweruka Disembala 18th 2010. Zipolowe zidatsatira ndipo achitetezo adatseka tawuniyo mwachangu. Lachitatu lotsatira mnyamata wina wopanda ntchito ku Sidi Bouzid adakwera pamtengo wamagetsi, ndikufuula "ayi chifukwa cha mavuto, kusowa kwa ntchito", kenako adakhudza mawaya ndikudzimenya ndi magetsi. Lachisanu pa Seputembara 16th 2011, kunja kwa banki ku Piraeus (doko lalikulu kunyanja ku Greece), wochita bizinesi yaying'ono adadzithira mafuta ndikudziyatsa moto. Chionetsero chake chosonyeza kukwiya chinali chokwiya ndi bizinesi yake yomwe idakanika komanso kusowa thandizo kubanki.
Nthano yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa ndi atolankhani akumadzulo ndi yoti kasupe wachiarabu anali kuyankha maboma ankhanza chimodzimodzi, pomwe kulephera konse kwachuma m'maiko ena achiarabu ndi madera oyandikana ndi Africa akuyambitsa; njala, umphawi ndi kusimidwa zinali zazikulu monga kufunitsitsa kusintha kwa maboma. Kusintha kwa masika achiarabu kwakhala, mofananamo komwe sikungaganizidwe, tsopano kwa Israeli. Ofalitsa nkhani ambiri anyalanyaza ziwonetsero za Tel Aviv pomwe anthu ambiri asonkhana kumapeto kwa sabata motsatizana kuti awonetse chuma chomwe chasokonekera. Kuchuluka kwachuma, mitengo yamnyumba ndi renti zomwe sizingafikire anthu apakati ku Israeli, malipiro ochepa, kuchuluka kwa ulova wosalembedwa komanso anthu ophunzira pakati, osakhulupilira komanso kukwiya ndi atsogoleri andale, tsopano akufuna kuti zisinthe zikuyambitsa chisokonezo chamtendere . Akuyerekeza kuti amayika manambala m'misewu ya Tel Aviv pafupifupi 300,000, poganizira kuchuluka kwa anthu pafupifupi 3.3 miliyoni ndiye nambala yayikulu yomwe yapita kumisewu kukatsutsa.
Zakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti maboma ndi maboma apewe zokambirana pazowona zakukwera kwamitengo zomwe zimakhudza zakudya zazakudya ndi zinthu zina zofunika kubisala zomwe zimapangitsa. Ambiri mwa nzika zaku USA, UK ndi Europe atha kungogwedeza phewa lawo ndikutulutsa thukuta potopa ndikulipira ku supermarket kukawona, kapena pampu wamafuta pomwe amafufuza 5% RPI pamalisiti awo. Komabe, kufalikira kwakukulu kwa anthu aku Middle East kapena Africa komwe kukwera kwamitengo yazinthu zofunikira ndizolemba kusiyanitsa moyo kapena imfa, njala kapena kukhalapo. Pomwe boma la UK lingawerengere kuchuluka kwa kukwera kwamitengo pogwiritsa ntchito mtanga wa katundu kuphatikiza mafoni am'manja, burodibandi, TV yakanema ndi ma TV owonera plasma zoterezi sizimakhala gawo la zisankho m'malo osauka padziko lapansi. Brent wosakhazikika wakhalabe wopitilira $ 100 mbiya pakufika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zogulitsa zoyambira zatuluka mopanda chisoni, pomwe oyendetsa magalimoto aku UK atha kuthana ndi lita imodzi ya petulo yomwe ikukwera ndi 30% pazaka zitatu (popeza malipiro awo enieni ndi kukwera kwamitengo akukhalabe okhazikika) osauka nzika zapadziko lonse lapansi sizingathetse mavuto. Ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi malo okhala pafupifupi pafupifupi mtengo wawo wonse, kuchokera pamalipiro ochepa kwambiri, kukwera mtengo kwa tirigu ndi mafuta kumawopseza moyo.
Kukwera kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi komwe kwachitika kuyambira 2008 kwachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamalamulo komwe kumabweretsa ku USA, UK ndi omwe amapanga mfundo zaku Europe kuti apititsenso mabungwe akulu azachuma kuti "apulumutse dongosolo". Malingaliro ophatikizidwa a zirp mosakayikira adapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwachuma kumeneku kuthamangire kuzinthu zongopeka. Pomwe ma equity atha kukonza zomwe sizingachitike mwadzidzidzi ndikuti mitengo yazinthu sizingagwe. Ngati mafuta amakhalabe pafupifupi $ 100 pa mbiya, kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka khumi ndi iwiri, kutsika kwachuma 'kawiri konse' kumawonekeradi kukhala kotsimikizika.
Pomwe nduna zazikulu zachuma ku Europe zimakumana kuti zikambirane njira zina zopezera ndalama kubanki yapadziko lonse lapansi, yomwe imadzipezanso pamtunda, sangayerekeze poyera (zogwiritsa ntchito pagulu) zotsatira zowopsa zomwe QE ipanga. Mosasamala kanthu kuti QE ikupanga ndalama zopanda malire, kudzera m'mabanki apakati kwa miyezi itatu, idzakweza mitengo yazinthu mosakonzekera ndikuwononga kwambiri chiyembekezo chamoyo ndi mamiliyoni. A Geithner atabwerera ku galimoto yotengeka ndi USA mwina adzaganiziranso zaulendo womwe aku America amatenga. Pamene okwera pamahatchi ake akutuluka pabwalo la ndege amatha kuwona omwe akupita kumalo odyera odyera, oyendetsedwa ndi magalimoto pachimanga 'zakudya' ndikuganiza kuti "ntchito yake yabwino" sabata ino ndi anzawo aku Europe ndikumangirira kwa Europe kanthawi kochepa USA, koma chilonda chowopsa kwa mayiko osauka komanso omwe akutukuka kumene.
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Mafuta Olingalira
Gawo 19 • Ndemanga za Msika • 6335 Views • Comments Off pa Fuel for Thought
United States ndi yomwe imapanga mafuta ochuluka kwambiri a ethanol padziko lapansi. US idapanga malita 50.0 biliyoni a mafuta a ethanol mu 2010. Mafuta a Ethanol amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku US ngati oxygenate ku mafuta. Mu 2009, kuchokera pamafuta onse amafuta mdziko muno, 99% idadyedwa ngati ethanol mu gasohol. Mafuta ambiri aku US amapangidwa kuchokera ku chimanga ndipo magetsi ofunikira a ma distilleries amachokera kuzomera zamalasha, mtsutsowu ukupitilira momwe bio-ethanol yokhazikika pachimanga ikusinthira mafuta mu magalimoto. Zotsutsazo komanso kutsutsana kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa malo olimidwa omwe amafunikira mbewu ndi momwe zimakhudzira kupezeka kwa tirigu wapadziko lonse lapansi, kusintha kosintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka, komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu ya kaboni polingalira za moyo wathunthu wa ethanol kupanga.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Arab Spring asinthe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Mohamed Bouazizi wazaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi yemwe amakhala m'tawuni ya Sidi Bouzid, ku Tunisia, anali ndi digiri ya kuyunivesite koma alibe ntchito. Pofuna kupeza ndalama anayamba kugulitsa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'misewu wopanda chilolezo. Akuluakulu aku Tunisia adamuletsa ndikulanda zokolola zake, mosimidwa adadziyatsa moto Loweruka Disembala 18th 2010. Zipolowe zidatsatira ndipo achitetezo adatseka tawuniyo mwachangu. Lachitatu lotsatira mnyamata wina wopanda ntchito ku Sidi Bouzid adakwera pamtengo wamagetsi, ndikufuula "ayi chifukwa cha mavuto, kusowa kwa ntchito", kenako adakhudza mawaya ndikudzimenya ndi magetsi. Lachisanu pa Seputembara 16th 2011, kunja kwa banki ku Piraeus (doko lalikulu kunyanja ku Greece), wochita bizinesi yaying'ono adadzithira mafuta ndikudziyatsa moto. Chionetsero chake chosonyeza kukwiya chinali chokwiya ndi bizinesi yake yomwe idakanika komanso kusowa thandizo kubanki.
Nthano yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa ndi atolankhani akumadzulo ndi yoti kasupe wachiarabu anali kuyankha maboma ankhanza chimodzimodzi, pomwe kulephera konse kwachuma m'maiko ena achiarabu ndi madera oyandikana ndi Africa akuyambitsa; njala, umphawi ndi kusimidwa zinali zazikulu monga kufunitsitsa kusintha kwa maboma. Kusintha kwa masika achiarabu kwakhala, mofananamo komwe sikungaganizidwe, tsopano kwa Israeli. Ofalitsa nkhani ambiri anyalanyaza ziwonetsero za Tel Aviv pomwe anthu ambiri asonkhana kumapeto kwa sabata motsatizana kuti awonetse chuma chomwe chasokonekera. Kuchuluka kwachuma, mitengo yamnyumba ndi renti zomwe sizingafikire anthu apakati ku Israeli, malipiro ochepa, kuchuluka kwa ulova wosalembedwa komanso anthu ophunzira pakati, osakhulupilira komanso kukwiya ndi atsogoleri andale, tsopano akufuna kuti zisinthe zikuyambitsa chisokonezo chamtendere . Akuyerekeza kuti amayika manambala m'misewu ya Tel Aviv pafupifupi 300,000, poganizira kuchuluka kwa anthu pafupifupi 3.3 miliyoni ndiye nambala yayikulu yomwe yapita kumisewu kukatsutsa.
Zakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti maboma ndi maboma apewe zokambirana pazowona zakukwera kwamitengo zomwe zimakhudza zakudya zazakudya ndi zinthu zina zofunika kubisala zomwe zimapangitsa. Ambiri mwa nzika zaku USA, UK ndi Europe atha kungogwedeza phewa lawo ndikutulutsa thukuta potopa ndikulipira ku supermarket kukawona, kapena pampu wamafuta pomwe amafufuza 5% RPI pamalisiti awo. Komabe, kufalikira kwakukulu kwa anthu aku Middle East kapena Africa komwe kukwera kwamitengo yazinthu zofunikira ndizolemba kusiyanitsa moyo kapena imfa, njala kapena kukhalapo. Pomwe boma la UK lingawerengere kuchuluka kwa kukwera kwamitengo pogwiritsa ntchito mtanga wa katundu kuphatikiza mafoni am'manja, burodibandi, TV yakanema ndi ma TV owonera plasma zoterezi sizimakhala gawo la zisankho m'malo osauka padziko lapansi. Brent wosakhazikika wakhalabe wopitilira $ 100 mbiya pakufika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zogulitsa zoyambira zatuluka mopanda chisoni, pomwe oyendetsa magalimoto aku UK atha kuthana ndi lita imodzi ya petulo yomwe ikukwera ndi 30% pazaka zitatu (popeza malipiro awo enieni ndi kukwera kwamitengo akukhalabe okhazikika) osauka nzika zapadziko lonse lapansi sizingathetse mavuto. Ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi malo okhala pafupifupi pafupifupi mtengo wawo wonse, kuchokera pamalipiro ochepa kwambiri, kukwera mtengo kwa tirigu ndi mafuta kumawopseza moyo.
Kukwera kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi komwe kwachitika kuyambira 2008 kwachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamalamulo komwe kumabweretsa ku USA, UK ndi omwe amapanga mfundo zaku Europe kuti apititsenso mabungwe akulu azachuma kuti "apulumutse dongosolo". Malingaliro ophatikizidwa a zirp mosakayikira adapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwachuma kumeneku kuthamangire kuzinthu zongopeka. Pomwe ma equity atha kukonza zomwe sizingachitike mwadzidzidzi ndikuti mitengo yazinthu sizingagwe. Ngati mafuta amakhalabe pafupifupi $ 100 pa mbiya, kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka khumi ndi iwiri, kutsika kwachuma 'kawiri konse' kumawonekeradi kukhala kotsimikizika.
Pomwe nduna zazikulu zachuma ku Europe zimakumana kuti zikambirane njira zina zopezera ndalama kubanki yapadziko lonse lapansi, yomwe imadzipezanso pamtunda, sangayerekeze poyera (zogwiritsa ntchito pagulu) zotsatira zowopsa zomwe QE ipanga. Mosasamala kanthu kuti QE ikupanga ndalama zopanda malire, kudzera m'mabanki apakati kwa miyezi itatu, idzakweza mitengo yazinthu mosakonzekera ndikuwononga kwambiri chiyembekezo chamoyo ndi mamiliyoni. A Geithner atabwerera ku galimoto yotengeka ndi USA mwina adzaganiziranso zaulendo womwe aku America amatenga. Pamene okwera pamahatchi ake akutuluka pabwalo la ndege amatha kuwona omwe akupita kumalo odyera odyera, oyendetsedwa ndi magalimoto pachimanga 'zakudya' ndikuganiza kuti "ntchito yake yabwino" sabata ino ndi anzawo aku Europe ndikumangirira kwa Europe kanthawi kochepa USA, koma chilonda chowopsa kwa mayiko osauka komanso omwe akutukuka kumene.
fxccmalingaliro amsikamafuta
« Atumiki Azachuma ku Europe: USA Iyenera Kukhala Ndi Nyumba Yawo Mwadongosolo Terminal Velocity, IMF ndi Goldman Sachs Do The Math »