Gawo 13 • Ndemanga za Msika • 8080 Views • 1 Comment ku Australia, chifukwa chiyani amalonda a 'boom ndi mdima' akugwedeza ndi kunola mipeni yawo?
Pazachuma chonse chomwe chakhala chikuchitika kuyambira 2007-2008 Australia idapitilizabe kutero. Ngakhale kusefukira kwamadzi komwe kwachitika mu Jan chaka chino (2011) kudawoneka kuti kungogwedeza dziko kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kuchokera kudaliridwe kake ngati gwero lalikulu lamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. GDP ya munthu aliyense ku Australia ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa UK, Germany, ndi France pankhani yogula magetsi. Dzikoli lidakhala lachiwiri pamndandanda wa United Nations 2009 Development Development ndipo nthawi zonse limakhala lofunika kwambiri pamndandanda wazikhalidwe za moyo wa The Economist.
Australia ndi imodzi mwachuma chomwe chikukula mwachangu kwambiri padziko lapansi. IMF ikulosera kuti Australia ipitilira chuma china chamtsogolo mu 2011 chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwakufuna kwa China pazinthu zaku Australia. Mu 2010, Australia idatumiza katundu ku US $ 48.6 biliyoni ya katundu, kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa zaka khumi zapitazo. Makampani opanga migodi amapindulitsa kwambiri, kutumiza kwazitsulo kunja kumakhala gawo lopitilira theka la zomwe Australia zimatumiza ku China. Migodi ndi ulimi zikuyembekezeka kuyambitsa kukula kwachuma ku Australia posachedwa. Australia Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Science ilosera kuti zopanga mgodi zizikwera ndi 10.2 peresenti mu 2010-2011 ndipo zokolola m'minda zitha kukwera ndi 8.9 peresenti.
Chuma cha Australia chikuyembekezeka kukula m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi. 2011 mpaka 2015 amatha kuwona GDP yaku Australia ikukula ndi 4.81 mpaka 5.09 peresenti pachaka. Pakutha kwa 2015, GDP yaku Australia ikuyembekezeka kukhala US $ 1.122 trilioni. GDP ya ku Australia pamunthu aliyense akuyembekezeredwa kukula bwino. Mu 2010, GDP ya Australia pa munthu aliyense inali yachikhumi padziko lapansi - ikukula kuchokera ku US $ 38,633.17 mu 2009 mpaka US $ 39,692.06. Mu 2011, GDP ya Australia pa munthu aliyense imatha kukwera ndi 3.52% mpaka US $ 41,089.17. Zaka zinayi zikubwerazi zitha kuwona kukula kwa GDP ya Australia pa munthu aliyense, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti GDP pamunthu US $ 47,445.58 kumapeto kwa 2015.
Ziwerengero zaposachedwa zoperekedwa ndi Bureau of Statistics ku Australia zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa katundu mdzikolo ndi ntchito zinafika poyerekeza ndi $ 1.826 biliyoni pamwezi. Chuma cha Australia chidachulukirachulukira m'gawo lachiwiri ndikukula kopitilira 1.2% komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi mabizinesi, kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zapakhomo komanso kumangirira pazinthu. Annette Beacher, wamkulu wa kafukufuku waku Asia-Pacific ku TD Securities akuyembekeza kuti GDP ikwera mpaka 2% mu 2011 ndi 4.5% chaka chotsatira.
Malinga ndi kuneneratu kwa kuchuluka kwa ulova komwe IMF idapeza, kusowa kwa ntchito kudzawona kuchepa kwapakati mpaka 5.025% kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2012. Pambuyo pake, akuyembekeza kuti kusowa kwa ntchito (kuyambira 2013 mpaka 2015) kudzapitilira 4.8 peresenti.
Monga chuma china chotsogola Chuma cha Australia chimayang'aniridwa ndi ntchito zake, kuyimira 68% ya GDP yaku Australia, kugula zinthu kukhala gawo lalikulu. Kukula m'gawo lazithandizo lakula kwambiri, ntchito zantchito ndi bizinesi zakula kuchokera pa 10% mpaka 14.5% ya GDP nthawi yomweyo, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale gawo limodzi lalikulu la GDP. Izi zakula chifukwa cha gawo lazopanga, lomwe mu 2006-07 lidakhala pafupifupi 12% ya GDP. Zaka khumi m'mbuyomu, inali gawo lalikulu kwambiri pachuma, lowerengera zoposa 15% ya GDP. Madera omwe akadaulo azachuma akuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa maakaunti aku Australia, kusowa kwa mafakitale opanga zinthu zogulitsa kunja, malo aku Australia, komanso ngongole zambiri zakunja zomwe anthu wamba akuchita.
Zigawo zaulimi ndi migodi (10% ya GDP yophatikizidwa) zimawerengera pafupifupi 57% yazogulitsa kunja kwa dziko. Chuma cha ku Australia chimadalira mafuta osakomedwa ndi mafuta am'mayiko ena, kudalira kwa mafuta ku mafuta kuli pafupifupi 80% - mafuta osakanizika a mafuta.
Ndiye ndichifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri akutchula zakusokonekera kwa Australia ndi kuwonongedwa kwawailesi posachedwapa?
Zikuwoneka kwa olemba ndemanga ambiri kuti Australia mwina idangowononga cholowa chagolide ndikudziyendetsa kukhala chuma chimodzi. Pomwe ndi nthano zachuma kuti 80% yamabizinesi anu imachokera kwa 20% yamakasitomala anu, Australia yatenga izi mopitirira muyeso, zikuwoneka kuti zili ndi kasitomala m'modzi yekha komanso ndi zinthu zochepa kwambiri kuti zithandizire kutumiza kwawo kunja. Ngati China ichedwa, kapena singathe kulipira malire pazinthu zawo zopangira, pomwe zochokera ku Australia zikupitabe mtengo wokwanira, dziko lalikulu ili likhoza kudzipeza pachuma chachilendo. Mitengo yanyumba, njira imodzi yokhazikika ya 'Aussie punt', yafika kumapeto kwa buffers ndipo tsopano masewerawa a spoof afika pachimake pomwe Aussie samadzidalira. Ndi index yayikulu (ASX) yomwe ikugwa ndi circa 11.5% pachaka kuti kusowa chidaliro kumakulitsidwa ndi mapenshoni osauka komanso kubweza ndalama. Palibenso chitonthozo chochepa chomwe chingapezeke kuchokera ku chiwongola dzanja chachikulu cha 4.75% pamasungidwe opatsidwa chifukwa chobweza ngongole yanyumba.
Pali zochuluka kwambiri zamatsenga zomwe zimatsimikizira chikhulupiriro kuti migodi ndi msika waukulu ku Australia. Pakufufuza kwaposachedwa ndi Australia Institute, zidawululidwa kuti anthu aku Australia amapitilira muyeso kukula ndikufunika kwamakampani ogulitsa migodi. Akafunsidwa kukula kwa gawoli, anthu amafunsidwa kuti amaganiza kuti ogulitsa migodi amagwiritsa ntchito 16 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito ku Australia, pomwe chiwerengerocho ndi 1.9 peresenti. Ripotilo likuwonetsa kuti ngakhale kuchuluka kwa migodi kwadzetsa ntchito zatsopano, maubwino ake ndi mdalitso wosiyanasiyana pachuma.
”Chuma chomwe chikukula ku Western Australia chathandiza kuti ulova utsike, koma kuchuluka kumeneku kwatanthauza kuti Reserve Bank idakulitsa chiwongola dzanja kuti 'ichulukire' chiwerengerochi pochepetsa kukula m'magawo ena. Mtengo wa lamuloli wasungidwa makamaka ndi omwe ali ndi ngongole zanyumba zazikulu, makamaka mabanja achichepere. ”
"Ngati omwe amalandila malipiro apindula ndi kuchuluka kwa migodi amayenera kulumpha malipiro enieni poyerekeza ndi zomwe antchito akadapeza. Tsoka ilo, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti izi zachitika. ”
Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa bungweli Richard Denniss, anena kuti malingaliro pagulu zakukula ndi kufunika kwa ntchito zamigodi pachuma ku Australia ndizosiyana ndi izi.
"Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti anthu aku Australia amakhulupirira kuti migodi imathandizira gawo limodzi mwamagawo atatu azachuma koma ziwerengero za Australia Bureau of Statistics zikuwonetsa kuti bizinesi ya migodi imapanga pafupifupi 9.2% ya GDP, zomwe zimathandizanso chimodzimodzi pakupanga komanso zocheperako pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zandalama makampani. Makampani opanga migodi amakonda kudziwonetsera ngati olemba anzawo ntchito, okhometsa misonkho komanso wopanga ndalama zambiri kwa omwe akugawana nawo ku Australia, komabe zenizeni sizikugwirizana ndi zonena. Malonda a ogulitsa migodi amanyalanyaza momwe kuchuluka kwa migodi kukuwonjezerera mitengo yosinthanitsa ndalama, kukweza chiwongola dzanja chambiri ndikuwononga ntchito m'magulu ena azachuma. ” Dr Denniss adati lipotilo lidawulula kuti kuchuluka kwa migodi kwakadali kuyambitsa chiwopsezo chowopsa pakuchepa kwamaakaunti.
Mofananamo ndi UK, yomwe imapeza mafuta a gasi ndi mafuta, mantha ndikuti dzikolo mwina lafika poti 'likudikirira' pazinthu zake, pomwe mitengo yamafuta osakhazikika ikadali yovutikira kukula kwa Australia kungakhale kochepa. Kuperewera kwapachaka kwa ntchito kumaimira $ 7.19 biliyoni.
Petroli, kugula kamodzi kokha kwakukulu ku banja ku Australia sabata iliyonse, kwakwera pamtengo wokwera kwambiri m'miyezi inayi. Pomwe anthu aku Australia akungodzitamandira chifukwa chopeza malisiti apamwamba, miyala yachitsulo ndi golide, sangaiwale kuti dollar yaku Australia ikuthandizanso pakuchepa kwa ntchito. Ndalamazo zimabwera, komanso zimatuluka..mantha ndikuti kuchepa kwa mafunde sikukugwirizana ndi Australia kwanthawi yayitali.
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Australia, ndichifukwa chiyani amalonda a 'boom ndi mdima' akugwedeza ndi kunola mipeni yawo?
Gawo 13 • Ndemanga za Msika • 8080 Views • 1 Comment ku Australia, chifukwa chiyani amalonda a 'boom ndi mdima' akugwedeza ndi kunola mipeni yawo?
Pazachuma chonse chomwe chakhala chikuchitika kuyambira 2007-2008 Australia idapitilizabe kutero. Ngakhale kusefukira kwamadzi komwe kwachitika mu Jan chaka chino (2011) kudawoneka kuti kungogwedeza dziko kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kuchokera kudaliridwe kake ngati gwero lalikulu lamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. GDP ya munthu aliyense ku Australia ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa UK, Germany, ndi France pankhani yogula magetsi. Dzikoli lidakhala lachiwiri pamndandanda wa United Nations 2009 Development Development ndipo nthawi zonse limakhala lofunika kwambiri pamndandanda wazikhalidwe za moyo wa The Economist.
Australia ndi imodzi mwachuma chomwe chikukula mwachangu kwambiri padziko lapansi. IMF ikulosera kuti Australia ipitilira chuma china chamtsogolo mu 2011 chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwakufuna kwa China pazinthu zaku Australia. Mu 2010, Australia idatumiza katundu ku US $ 48.6 biliyoni ya katundu, kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa zaka khumi zapitazo. Makampani opanga migodi amapindulitsa kwambiri, kutumiza kwazitsulo kunja kumakhala gawo lopitilira theka la zomwe Australia zimatumiza ku China. Migodi ndi ulimi zikuyembekezeka kuyambitsa kukula kwachuma ku Australia posachedwa. Australia Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Science ilosera kuti zopanga mgodi zizikwera ndi 10.2 peresenti mu 2010-2011 ndipo zokolola m'minda zitha kukwera ndi 8.9 peresenti.
Chuma cha Australia chikuyembekezeka kukula m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi. 2011 mpaka 2015 amatha kuwona GDP yaku Australia ikukula ndi 4.81 mpaka 5.09 peresenti pachaka. Pakutha kwa 2015, GDP yaku Australia ikuyembekezeka kukhala US $ 1.122 trilioni. GDP ya ku Australia pamunthu aliyense akuyembekezeredwa kukula bwino. Mu 2010, GDP ya Australia pa munthu aliyense inali yachikhumi padziko lapansi - ikukula kuchokera ku US $ 38,633.17 mu 2009 mpaka US $ 39,692.06. Mu 2011, GDP ya Australia pa munthu aliyense imatha kukwera ndi 3.52% mpaka US $ 41,089.17. Zaka zinayi zikubwerazi zitha kuwona kukula kwa GDP ya Australia pa munthu aliyense, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti GDP pamunthu US $ 47,445.58 kumapeto kwa 2015.
Ziwerengero zaposachedwa zoperekedwa ndi Bureau of Statistics ku Australia zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa katundu mdzikolo ndi ntchito zinafika poyerekeza ndi $ 1.826 biliyoni pamwezi. Chuma cha Australia chidachulukirachulukira m'gawo lachiwiri ndikukula kopitilira 1.2% komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi mabizinesi, kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zapakhomo komanso kumangirira pazinthu. Annette Beacher, wamkulu wa kafukufuku waku Asia-Pacific ku TD Securities akuyembekeza kuti GDP ikwera mpaka 2% mu 2011 ndi 4.5% chaka chotsatira.
Malinga ndi kuneneratu kwa kuchuluka kwa ulova komwe IMF idapeza, kusowa kwa ntchito kudzawona kuchepa kwapakati mpaka 5.025% kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2012. Pambuyo pake, akuyembekeza kuti kusowa kwa ntchito (kuyambira 2013 mpaka 2015) kudzapitilira 4.8 peresenti.
Monga chuma china chotsogola Chuma cha Australia chimayang'aniridwa ndi ntchito zake, kuyimira 68% ya GDP yaku Australia, kugula zinthu kukhala gawo lalikulu. Kukula m'gawo lazithandizo lakula kwambiri, ntchito zantchito ndi bizinesi zakula kuchokera pa 10% mpaka 14.5% ya GDP nthawi yomweyo, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale gawo limodzi lalikulu la GDP. Izi zakula chifukwa cha gawo lazopanga, lomwe mu 2006-07 lidakhala pafupifupi 12% ya GDP. Zaka khumi m'mbuyomu, inali gawo lalikulu kwambiri pachuma, lowerengera zoposa 15% ya GDP. Madera omwe akadaulo azachuma akuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa maakaunti aku Australia, kusowa kwa mafakitale opanga zinthu zogulitsa kunja, malo aku Australia, komanso ngongole zambiri zakunja zomwe anthu wamba akuchita.
Zigawo zaulimi ndi migodi (10% ya GDP yophatikizidwa) zimawerengera pafupifupi 57% yazogulitsa kunja kwa dziko. Chuma cha ku Australia chimadalira mafuta osakomedwa ndi mafuta am'mayiko ena, kudalira kwa mafuta ku mafuta kuli pafupifupi 80% - mafuta osakanizika a mafuta.
Ndiye ndichifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri akutchula zakusokonekera kwa Australia ndi kuwonongedwa kwawailesi posachedwapa?
Zikuwoneka kwa olemba ndemanga ambiri kuti Australia mwina idangowononga cholowa chagolide ndikudziyendetsa kukhala chuma chimodzi. Pomwe ndi nthano zachuma kuti 80% yamabizinesi anu imachokera kwa 20% yamakasitomala anu, Australia yatenga izi mopitirira muyeso, zikuwoneka kuti zili ndi kasitomala m'modzi yekha komanso ndi zinthu zochepa kwambiri kuti zithandizire kutumiza kwawo kunja. Ngati China ichedwa, kapena singathe kulipira malire pazinthu zawo zopangira, pomwe zochokera ku Australia zikupitabe mtengo wokwanira, dziko lalikulu ili likhoza kudzipeza pachuma chachilendo. Mitengo yanyumba, njira imodzi yokhazikika ya 'Aussie punt', yafika kumapeto kwa buffers ndipo tsopano masewerawa a spoof afika pachimake pomwe Aussie samadzidalira. Ndi index yayikulu (ASX) yomwe ikugwa ndi circa 11.5% pachaka kuti kusowa chidaliro kumakulitsidwa ndi mapenshoni osauka komanso kubweza ndalama. Palibenso chitonthozo chochepa chomwe chingapezeke kuchokera ku chiwongola dzanja chachikulu cha 4.75% pamasungidwe opatsidwa chifukwa chobweza ngongole yanyumba.
Pali zochuluka kwambiri zamatsenga zomwe zimatsimikizira chikhulupiriro kuti migodi ndi msika waukulu ku Australia. Pakufufuza kwaposachedwa ndi Australia Institute, zidawululidwa kuti anthu aku Australia amapitilira muyeso kukula ndikufunika kwamakampani ogulitsa migodi. Akafunsidwa kukula kwa gawoli, anthu amafunsidwa kuti amaganiza kuti ogulitsa migodi amagwiritsa ntchito 16 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito ku Australia, pomwe chiwerengerocho ndi 1.9 peresenti. Ripotilo likuwonetsa kuti ngakhale kuchuluka kwa migodi kwadzetsa ntchito zatsopano, maubwino ake ndi mdalitso wosiyanasiyana pachuma.
”Chuma chomwe chikukula ku Western Australia chathandiza kuti ulova utsike, koma kuchuluka kumeneku kwatanthauza kuti Reserve Bank idakulitsa chiwongola dzanja kuti 'ichulukire' chiwerengerochi pochepetsa kukula m'magawo ena. Mtengo wa lamuloli wasungidwa makamaka ndi omwe ali ndi ngongole zanyumba zazikulu, makamaka mabanja achichepere. ”
"Ngati omwe amalandila malipiro apindula ndi kuchuluka kwa migodi amayenera kulumpha malipiro enieni poyerekeza ndi zomwe antchito akadapeza. Tsoka ilo, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti izi zachitika. ”
Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa bungweli Richard Denniss, anena kuti malingaliro pagulu zakukula ndi kufunika kwa ntchito zamigodi pachuma ku Australia ndizosiyana ndi izi.
"Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti anthu aku Australia amakhulupirira kuti migodi imathandizira gawo limodzi mwamagawo atatu azachuma koma ziwerengero za Australia Bureau of Statistics zikuwonetsa kuti bizinesi ya migodi imapanga pafupifupi 9.2% ya GDP, zomwe zimathandizanso chimodzimodzi pakupanga komanso zocheperako pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zandalama makampani. Makampani opanga migodi amakonda kudziwonetsera ngati olemba anzawo ntchito, okhometsa misonkho komanso wopanga ndalama zambiri kwa omwe akugawana nawo ku Australia, komabe zenizeni sizikugwirizana ndi zonena. Malonda a ogulitsa migodi amanyalanyaza momwe kuchuluka kwa migodi kukuwonjezerera mitengo yosinthanitsa ndalama, kukweza chiwongola dzanja chambiri ndikuwononga ntchito m'magulu ena azachuma. ” Dr Denniss adati lipotilo lidawulula kuti kuchuluka kwa migodi kwakadali kuyambitsa chiwopsezo chowopsa pakuchepa kwamaakaunti.
Mofananamo ndi UK, yomwe imapeza mafuta a gasi ndi mafuta, mantha ndikuti dzikolo mwina lafika poti 'likudikirira' pazinthu zake, pomwe mitengo yamafuta osakhazikika ikadali yovutikira kukula kwa Australia kungakhale kochepa. Kuperewera kwapachaka kwa ntchito kumaimira $ 7.19 biliyoni.
Petroli, kugula kamodzi kokha kwakukulu ku banja ku Australia sabata iliyonse, kwakwera pamtengo wokwera kwambiri m'miyezi inayi. Pomwe anthu aku Australia akungodzitamandira chifukwa chopeza malisiti apamwamba, miyala yachitsulo ndi golide, sangaiwale kuti dollar yaku Australia ikuthandizanso pakuchepa kwa ntchito. Ndalamazo zimabwera, komanso zimatuluka..mantha ndikuti kuchepa kwa mafunde sikukugwirizana ndi Australia kwanthawi yayitali.
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